182
MALUOLM R. CLARKE
then shorter, the tentacles relatively longer, the body becomes relatively
narrower and the fin relatively longer (Fig. 32).
The species has been taken from the stomach of Tursiops truncatus.
3. Pterygioteuthis microlampas Berry, 191 3
This species is only known from the type which was caught off
Hawaii (Berry, 1913b, 1914a) in 570-610 m, and fragments from an
unknown locality. Both specimens are females and the type has a
mantle length of 1.8 cm.
E. Pyroteuthis
1. Pyroteuthis margaritifera (Ruppell, 1844)
Enoploteuthis margaritifera Ruppell, 1844
Pterygioteuthis margaritifera Pfeffer, 1900
Chaybditeuthis maculosa Pfeffer, 1900
Pyroteuthis juv. Issel, 1908
Benthoteuthis megalops Pfeffer, 1912
This species has been recorded from the western North Atlantic
(Voss, 1955, 1956a, 1958, 1960a) (Fig. 34), the eastern North Atlantic
(Joubin, 1900, 1924; Rees and Maul, 1956), the western Mediterranean
(Riippell, 1844; Joubin, 1894c, 1900; Jatta, 1896; Bianco, 1903;
Pfeffer, 1912; Naef, 1923; Sparta, 1933; Schiifer, 1938; Gray, 1949),
the eastern Mediterranean (Degner, 1925), the East Indies (Hoyle,
1886a; Adam, 1954) and the Central Pacific (Hoyle, 1886a). Joubin
(1924) created the sub-species P. margaritifera aurantiaca for the
Azores specimens and Pfeffer (1912) grouped Hoyle’s (1886a) Pacific
specimens under the name P. margaritifera oceanica. P. margaritifera
has been caught in open nets fished at a minimum of 15 m and a maximum of 5 000 m. With closing nets it was caught at four positions at
approximately 100 m and 150 m (200 and 300 m of wire out) and other
records suggest that it probably extends from the surface to over
1000 m. The largest recorded male has a mantle length of 3.3 cm
and the largest female a mantle length of 3.52 cm (Pfeffer, 1912)
but unsexed specimens reach up to 8.5 cm in total length (Joubin,
1924). A male 3-5 cm (mantle length) has a hectocotylus (Naef, 1923)
and a female of the same length is gravid (Voss, 1955).
Growth from the early stages is very similar to that of Pterygioteuthis giardi (Fig. 32). Degner (1925) described the development of
the mantle photophores.
Specimens have been found in stomachs of Alepisaurus ferox and a
dolphin (Joubin, 1894~; 1900).
MALUOLM R. CLARKE
then shorter, the tentacles relatively longer, the body becomes relatively
narrower and the fin relatively longer (Fig. 32).
The species has been taken from the stomach of Tursiops truncatus.
3. Pterygioteuthis microlampas Berry, 191 3
This species is only known from the type which was caught off
Hawaii (Berry, 1913b, 1914a) in 570-610 m, and fragments from an
unknown locality. Both specimens are females and the type has a
mantle length of 1.8 cm.
E. Pyroteuthis
1. Pyroteuthis margaritifera (Ruppell, 1844)
Enoploteuthis margaritifera Ruppell, 1844
Pterygioteuthis margaritifera Pfeffer, 1900
Chaybditeuthis maculosa Pfeffer, 1900
Pyroteuthis juv. Issel, 1908
Benthoteuthis megalops Pfeffer, 1912
This species has been recorded from the western North Atlantic
(Voss, 1955, 1956a, 1958, 1960a) (Fig. 34), the eastern North Atlantic
(Joubin, 1900, 1924; Rees and Maul, 1956), the western Mediterranean
(Riippell, 1844; Joubin, 1894c, 1900; Jatta, 1896; Bianco, 1903;
Pfeffer, 1912; Naef, 1923; Sparta, 1933; Schiifer, 1938; Gray, 1949),
the eastern Mediterranean (Degner, 1925), the East Indies (Hoyle,
1886a; Adam, 1954) and the Central Pacific (Hoyle, 1886a). Joubin
(1924) created the sub-species P. margaritifera aurantiaca for the
Azores specimens and Pfeffer (1912) grouped Hoyle’s (1886a) Pacific
specimens under the name P. margaritifera oceanica. P. margaritifera
has been caught in open nets fished at a minimum of 15 m and a maximum of 5 000 m. With closing nets it was caught at four positions at
approximately 100 m and 150 m (200 and 300 m of wire out) and other
records suggest that it probably extends from the surface to over
1000 m. The largest recorded male has a mantle length of 3.3 cm
and the largest female a mantle length of 3.52 cm (Pfeffer, 1912)
but unsexed specimens reach up to 8.5 cm in total length (Joubin,
1924). A male 3-5 cm (mantle length) has a hectocotylus (Naef, 1923)
and a female of the same length is gravid (Voss, 1955).
Growth from the early stages is very similar to that of Pterygioteuthis giardi (Fig. 32). Degner (1925) described the development of
the mantle photophores.
Specimens have been found in stomachs of Alepisaurus ferox and a
dolphin (Joubin, 1894~; 1900).