REVIEW OF THE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOQY OF OCEANIU SQUIDS
161
island of Japan and the Bonin Islands (Sasaki, 1929a; Pfeffer's 1900
record of Japan was erroneous, Pfeffer, 1912). It is said to migrate
with the Kuroshio and Tsushima currents into the Japan Sea from
the south (Nishimura, 1964). It is known from strandings (Barnard,
1934, 1947) and observation (Rees and Maul, 1956), and young ones
have been taken in nets (Degner, 1925) a t or near the surface.
According to Japanese fishermen it jumps on to the decks of boats
(Sasaki, 1929a). Sanzo (1929) considered that a pelagic egg mass
recovered from the Straits of Messina belonged to this species and
traced the development as far as stages described by Issel (1920a).
The egg mass was a gelatinous " sausage " measuring 60 to 70 cm
long by 15 to 20 cm in diameter, containing a double row of eggs
disposed in the superficial layers (Fig. 25). There is a small external
yolk sac and four pairs of arm buds in the early stages.
During growth the arms become relatively longer and then shorter,
the head becomes relatively shorter, the body relatively narrower and
the fin becomes relatively much longer until it is almost the same
length as the mantle (Fig. 25). The adult is extremely powerful and
has a very thick mantle muscle as well as large fins and can reach
80.0 cm in mantle length (Pfeffer, 1912); several specimens of both
sexes exceeding 60.0 cm in mantle length are known (Jat,ta, 1896;
Pfeffer, 1912 ( 3 ) ;
Sasaki, 1929a; Barnard, 1947 (0); Voss and Erdman,
1959; British Museum Natural History ( 3 ) ) . The left ventral arm is
hectocotylized in the mature male (Pfeffer, 1912). These squid have
been seen in groups of about twenty (Rees and Maul, 1956). A specimen
was taken from the stomach of a blue marlin (Voss and Erdman, 1959).
VII. PARATEUTHIDAE
A. Parateuthis
1. Parateuthis tunicata Thiele, 1921
This species is known only from the type specimen taken a t 64'29's
85'27'E and one other taken a t 65'15's 80"E. They were both taken
with open nets fished to 3 000 m and 3 425 m respectively. The largest
had a mantle length of only 0.8 cm.
B. Cycloteuthis
1. CycZoteuthis sirvenli Joubin, 1919
A North Atlantic genus and species known only from the type
specimen (Joubin, 1919, 1924) caught a t 30'45'40"N 25'47'W with a
" Filet Bourhe '' between the surface and 500 m at night. The mantle
length is 4.9 cm.
161
island of Japan and the Bonin Islands (Sasaki, 1929a; Pfeffer's 1900
record of Japan was erroneous, Pfeffer, 1912). It is said to migrate
with the Kuroshio and Tsushima currents into the Japan Sea from
the south (Nishimura, 1964). It is known from strandings (Barnard,
1934, 1947) and observation (Rees and Maul, 1956), and young ones
have been taken in nets (Degner, 1925) a t or near the surface.
According to Japanese fishermen it jumps on to the decks of boats
(Sasaki, 1929a). Sanzo (1929) considered that a pelagic egg mass
recovered from the Straits of Messina belonged to this species and
traced the development as far as stages described by Issel (1920a).
The egg mass was a gelatinous " sausage " measuring 60 to 70 cm
long by 15 to 20 cm in diameter, containing a double row of eggs
disposed in the superficial layers (Fig. 25). There is a small external
yolk sac and four pairs of arm buds in the early stages.
During growth the arms become relatively longer and then shorter,
the head becomes relatively shorter, the body relatively narrower and
the fin becomes relatively much longer until it is almost the same
length as the mantle (Fig. 25). The adult is extremely powerful and
has a very thick mantle muscle as well as large fins and can reach
80.0 cm in mantle length (Pfeffer, 1912); several specimens of both
sexes exceeding 60.0 cm in mantle length are known (Jat,ta, 1896;
Pfeffer, 1912 ( 3 ) ;
Sasaki, 1929a; Barnard, 1947 (0); Voss and Erdman,
1959; British Museum Natural History ( 3 ) ) . The left ventral arm is
hectocotylized in the mature male (Pfeffer, 1912). These squid have
been seen in groups of about twenty (Rees and Maul, 1956). A specimen
was taken from the stomach of a blue marlin (Voss and Erdman, 1959).
VII. PARATEUTHIDAE
A. Parateuthis
1. Parateuthis tunicata Thiele, 1921
This species is known only from the type specimen taken a t 64'29's
85'27'E and one other taken a t 65'15's 80"E. They were both taken
with open nets fished to 3 000 m and 3 425 m respectively. The largest
had a mantle length of only 0.8 cm.
B. Cycloteuthis
1. CycZoteuthis sirvenli Joubin, 1919
A North Atlantic genus and species known only from the type
specimen (Joubin, 1919, 1924) caught a t 30'45'40"N 25'47'W with a
" Filet Bourhe '' between the surface and 500 m at night. The mantle
length is 4.9 cm.