REVIEW OF THE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OB OCEANIC SQUIDS
147
either stranded (LGnnberg, 1898b) or removed from the stomach of
predators the depth at which they live is not known. However, its
occurrence in the stomach of a Ross Seal (Hoyle, 1912) suggests that it
occurs at less than 200 m (King, 1964).
It grows up to 47-6 cm (Pfeffer, 1912) and even 94.0 cm (Discovery
collections) in mantle length. The beaks of these squids show distinct
growth " rings " which are arranged in cycles according to their width
and efforts have been made to relate these cycles to annual growth
(Clarke, 1965b and see page 258). The male does not have an arm
modified as a hectocotylus. The well-developed musculature of this
species suggests that it is a very active swimmer.
3. Moroteuthis Zonnbergii Ishikawa and Wakiya, 19 14
This is known from Sagami Bay, Japan (Ishikawa and Wakiya,
1914 ; Sasaki, 1929a). Besides a specimen that was stranded it has been
taken at about 730-920 m with open nets. Although frequently caught
it is not of economic importance (Sasaki, 1929a). The largest individual
recorded has a mantle length of 27.5 cm.
4. Moroteuthis robsoni Adam, 1962
First described from South Africa (Robson, 1924a) as Moroteuthis
sp. A, this was later collected at 16'35.6'5 11'19.5'E and was then
given a specific name (Adam, 1962). It is an important part of the diet
of Sperm whales taken near Durban (Clarke, in preparation). The
species has been caught at 250 m (Robson, 1924a) and between 485 and
550 m (Adam, 1962) with open nets.
The largest specimen has a mantle length of 47.0 cm.
5. Moroteuthis robusta (Verrill, 1876)
Onychoteuthis robusta Verrill, 1876
Lestoteuthis robustu Verrill, 1880
Ancistroteuthis robustu Steenstrup, 1882
This species is confined to the North Pacific (Fig. 21) and within
this region it is not uncommon in the boreal seas of the asiatic side of
the N. Pacific (Sasaki, 1929a) and at times off California (Smith, 1963).
It has been reported from Unalaska (Verrill, 1876; Thompson, 1900),
south of the Strait of Tsugaru, Japan (Ishikawa and Wakiya, 1914),
Hokkaido (Sasaki, 1929a), Aleutian Islands (Okutani and Nemoto,
1964), the Kuril region, particularly the southern end (Beteshava and
Akimushkin, 1955), off British Columbia (Robbins, et d., 1937; Pike,
1950), off Oregon (Hyning and Magill, 1964; Pearcy, 1965) and off
California (Classic, 1929, 1949; Phillips, 1933, 1961; Croker, 1934;
147
either stranded (LGnnberg, 1898b) or removed from the stomach of
predators the depth at which they live is not known. However, its
occurrence in the stomach of a Ross Seal (Hoyle, 1912) suggests that it
occurs at less than 200 m (King, 1964).
It grows up to 47-6 cm (Pfeffer, 1912) and even 94.0 cm (Discovery
collections) in mantle length. The beaks of these squids show distinct
growth " rings " which are arranged in cycles according to their width
and efforts have been made to relate these cycles to annual growth
(Clarke, 1965b and see page 258). The male does not have an arm
modified as a hectocotylus. The well-developed musculature of this
species suggests that it is a very active swimmer.
3. Moroteuthis Zonnbergii Ishikawa and Wakiya, 19 14
This is known from Sagami Bay, Japan (Ishikawa and Wakiya,
1914 ; Sasaki, 1929a). Besides a specimen that was stranded it has been
taken at about 730-920 m with open nets. Although frequently caught
it is not of economic importance (Sasaki, 1929a). The largest individual
recorded has a mantle length of 27.5 cm.
4. Moroteuthis robsoni Adam, 1962
First described from South Africa (Robson, 1924a) as Moroteuthis
sp. A, this was later collected at 16'35.6'5 11'19.5'E and was then
given a specific name (Adam, 1962). It is an important part of the diet
of Sperm whales taken near Durban (Clarke, in preparation). The
species has been caught at 250 m (Robson, 1924a) and between 485 and
550 m (Adam, 1962) with open nets.
The largest specimen has a mantle length of 47.0 cm.
5. Moroteuthis robusta (Verrill, 1876)
Onychoteuthis robusta Verrill, 1876
Lestoteuthis robustu Verrill, 1880
Ancistroteuthis robustu Steenstrup, 1882
This species is confined to the North Pacific (Fig. 21) and within
this region it is not uncommon in the boreal seas of the asiatic side of
the N. Pacific (Sasaki, 1929a) and at times off California (Smith, 1963).
It has been reported from Unalaska (Verrill, 1876; Thompson, 1900),
south of the Strait of Tsugaru, Japan (Ishikawa and Wakiya, 1914),
Hokkaido (Sasaki, 1929a), Aleutian Islands (Okutani and Nemoto,
1964), the Kuril region, particularly the southern end (Beteshava and
Akimushkin, 1955), off British Columbia (Robbins, et d., 1937; Pike,
1950), off Oregon (Hyning and Magill, 1964; Pearcy, 1965) and off
California (Classic, 1929, 1949; Phillips, 1933, 1961; Croker, 1934;