REVIEW O F THE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOCY O F OCEANIC SQUIDS
115
First described from Oualan Island in the Caroline group (Lesson, 1830)
it has since been recorded from Formosa (Sasaki, 19229a). Okinama
(Sasaki, 1929;~), Laysan, (Pfeffer, 1912), the Philippines (Voss. 1963a),
East Indies (Adam, 1954), New Hebrides (Hoyle. 1886). north of
Admiralty islands (Hoyle, 1886), east of Cocos Islands (Hoyle, 1904b).
Laccadive Islands (Berry, l912c), north-west Australia (Brazier.
1892b), Torres Strait (Brazier 1892b), Great Barrier Reef and Nickol
Bay, Australia (Brazier, 1892b), Vanicoro Islands (Quoy and Gaimard,
1832), Rongslap Atoll (Voss, 1954b), Japan (Wulker, 1910), South
Africa (Massy, 1925), the Red Sea (Weindl, 1912; Adam 1959, 1960b).
Berry (1914~) recorded the species from Sunday Island in the Kermadec
group but later referred these specimens to S. luminosn (Berry, 1916a).
The species has been recorded in the Gulf of Panama (Dall, 1910) but
Berry (1912d) claimed that it had not been certainly identified from
western North America; it has since been listed for the west coast of
south and central America (Voss, 1963a). To these records can be
added Zanzibar, a number of stations scattered in the Arabian Sea
(Clarke, unpublished), and Christmas Island (Ashmole, in press).
Little is known of seasonal migration but Sasaki (1929a) mentions
that they are prolific and mainly fished in summer at Okinawa.
This " species " has recently been found t o consist of two distinct
forms, one with and one without a large light organ on the dorsal
mantle surface (Clarke, 1965a and in preparation). Because these
forms also differ in the size at which they attain maturity they must
be considered distinct species. We cannot separate the previous records
into the two forms, but it is known that both are present in the Indian
Ocean and at Christmas Island in the Pacific. Here again is an example
of two, at least partially sympatric species distinguished by a large
dorsal light organ (see Ommastrephes page 106).
These squids come near to the surface at night and seem to be as
ubiquitous and active as their Ommastrephes counterparts in the North
Atlantic (page 108).
A rhynchoteuthis larva was caught by R.R.S. Discovery a t
2227.6" 63"50*7'E, very near the surface with a Neuston net in
July 1963. It has light organs on the intestine and a funnel connective
the same as Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis except that it is not fused
to the mantle. As there is only one known species of ommastrephid
with these features the larva is almost certainly the S . oualaniensis
with an intestinal light organ mentioned above. It is most interesting
that the fusion of the funnel with the mantle is thus shown to take
place after the larval stage. The larva has a very elongated proboscis
(Fig. 7, E) with eight suckers at the tip, two of which are slightly
115
First described from Oualan Island in the Caroline group (Lesson, 1830)
it has since been recorded from Formosa (Sasaki, 19229a). Okinama
(Sasaki, 1929;~), Laysan, (Pfeffer, 1912), the Philippines (Voss. 1963a),
East Indies (Adam, 1954), New Hebrides (Hoyle. 1886). north of
Admiralty islands (Hoyle, 1886), east of Cocos Islands (Hoyle, 1904b).
Laccadive Islands (Berry, l912c), north-west Australia (Brazier.
1892b), Torres Strait (Brazier 1892b), Great Barrier Reef and Nickol
Bay, Australia (Brazier, 1892b), Vanicoro Islands (Quoy and Gaimard,
1832), Rongslap Atoll (Voss, 1954b), Japan (Wulker, 1910), South
Africa (Massy, 1925), the Red Sea (Weindl, 1912; Adam 1959, 1960b).
Berry (1914~) recorded the species from Sunday Island in the Kermadec
group but later referred these specimens to S. luminosn (Berry, 1916a).
The species has been recorded in the Gulf of Panama (Dall, 1910) but
Berry (1912d) claimed that it had not been certainly identified from
western North America; it has since been listed for the west coast of
south and central America (Voss, 1963a). To these records can be
added Zanzibar, a number of stations scattered in the Arabian Sea
(Clarke, unpublished), and Christmas Island (Ashmole, in press).
Little is known of seasonal migration but Sasaki (1929a) mentions
that they are prolific and mainly fished in summer at Okinawa.
This " species " has recently been found t o consist of two distinct
forms, one with and one without a large light organ on the dorsal
mantle surface (Clarke, 1965a and in preparation). Because these
forms also differ in the size at which they attain maturity they must
be considered distinct species. We cannot separate the previous records
into the two forms, but it is known that both are present in the Indian
Ocean and at Christmas Island in the Pacific. Here again is an example
of two, at least partially sympatric species distinguished by a large
dorsal light organ (see Ommastrephes page 106).
These squids come near to the surface at night and seem to be as
ubiquitous and active as their Ommastrephes counterparts in the North
Atlantic (page 108).
A rhynchoteuthis larva was caught by R.R.S. Discovery a t
2227.6" 63"50*7'E, very near the surface with a Neuston net in
July 1963. It has light organs on the intestine and a funnel connective
the same as Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis except that it is not fused
to the mantle. As there is only one known species of ommastrephid
with these features the larva is almost certainly the S . oualaniensis
with an intestinal light organ mentioned above. It is most interesting
that the fusion of the funnel with the mantle is thus shown to take
place after the larval stage. The larva has a very elongated proboscis
(Fig. 7, E) with eight suckers at the tip, two of which are slightly