REVIEW OF THE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OF OCEANIC SQUIDS
113
crustacea and squid hooks similar to those of Octopoteuthis sicula
(Adam, 1952). I n 0. caroli the author has found fish and squid remains.
Although bitten a number of times by 0. caroli the author has suffered
no after affects which one would associate with poison.
Known predators of these species are Fregata aquila (Adam, 1937a),
Thynnus albacora (Adam, 1951), Germo obesus (Rees and Maul, 1956),
Germo alalunga (Bouxin and Legendre, 1936), Gadus morhua and
Plagiodux ferox (Jaeckel, 1958). It is remarkable that these squid,
though numerous in the area, are not present in Sperm whale stomachs
taken near the Azores and Madeira (Clarke, R., 1956; Clarke, 1962a).
These species are used in very large numbers at Madeira for bait
in the " Espada " (Aphanopus carbo) fishery and they are also used
extensively for food.
Recently described from argentinian waters, Omrnastrephes argentinus Castellanos, 1960 is known from 120 specimens. The distribution
is said to be 38-41"s and 55-6Oow. The types were a female with a
mantle length of 25.0 cm and a male of 22.0 cm.
B. Symplectoteuthis
The two species of this genus can be easily distinguished from one
mother.
1. Symplectoteuthis luminosa Sasaki, 19 15
Eucleoteuthis luminosa Berry, 191 6a ; Okada, 1927.
Recorded from Japan (Sasaki, 1915b, 1929a), the Kuril islands
(Akimushkin, l955b, 1957) and the Kermadec islands (Berry, 1916a)
it occurs rarely but may be locally abundant at times (Fig. 9). It is
characterized by longitudinal streaks on its ventral mantle which have
been seen to luminesce (Sasaki, 1929a). It has been taken in water of
less than 1300 m in depth (Sasaki, 1915). A female with a mantle
length of 13.0 cm proved to be mature (Akimushkin, 1955b); the
largest female known is 17.5 cm and the largest male is 19-5 cm in
mantle length (Sasaki, 1929a); the larger males, seen by Sasaki (1929a),
have spermatophores.
2. Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson, 1830)
Loligo vanicoriensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1832
Ommastrephes oceanicus d'orbigny, 1835-1848
? 0. Tryonii Gabb, 1862b.
? 0. Ayresii Carpenter, 1864
This species largely replaces the Atlantic Ommastrephes complex in
the surface waters of the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans (Fig. 9).
113
crustacea and squid hooks similar to those of Octopoteuthis sicula
(Adam, 1952). I n 0. caroli the author has found fish and squid remains.
Although bitten a number of times by 0. caroli the author has suffered
no after affects which one would associate with poison.
Known predators of these species are Fregata aquila (Adam, 1937a),
Thynnus albacora (Adam, 1951), Germo obesus (Rees and Maul, 1956),
Germo alalunga (Bouxin and Legendre, 1936), Gadus morhua and
Plagiodux ferox (Jaeckel, 1958). It is remarkable that these squid,
though numerous in the area, are not present in Sperm whale stomachs
taken near the Azores and Madeira (Clarke, R., 1956; Clarke, 1962a).
These species are used in very large numbers at Madeira for bait
in the " Espada " (Aphanopus carbo) fishery and they are also used
extensively for food.
Recently described from argentinian waters, Omrnastrephes argentinus Castellanos, 1960 is known from 120 specimens. The distribution
is said to be 38-41"s and 55-6Oow. The types were a female with a
mantle length of 25.0 cm and a male of 22.0 cm.
B. Symplectoteuthis
The two species of this genus can be easily distinguished from one
mother.
1. Symplectoteuthis luminosa Sasaki, 19 15
Eucleoteuthis luminosa Berry, 191 6a ; Okada, 1927.
Recorded from Japan (Sasaki, 1915b, 1929a), the Kuril islands
(Akimushkin, l955b, 1957) and the Kermadec islands (Berry, 1916a)
it occurs rarely but may be locally abundant at times (Fig. 9). It is
characterized by longitudinal streaks on its ventral mantle which have
been seen to luminesce (Sasaki, 1929a). It has been taken in water of
less than 1300 m in depth (Sasaki, 1915). A female with a mantle
length of 13.0 cm proved to be mature (Akimushkin, 1955b); the
largest female known is 17.5 cm and the largest male is 19-5 cm in
mantle length (Sasaki, 1929a); the larger males, seen by Sasaki (1929a),
have spermatophores.
2. Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson, 1830)
Loligo vanicoriensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1832
Ommastrephes oceanicus d'orbigny, 1835-1848
? 0. Tryonii Gabb, 1862b.
? 0. Ayresii Carpenter, 1864
This species largely replaces the Atlantic Ommastrephes complex in
the surface waters of the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans (Fig. 9).