96
JOHN E. CUSHINO
veniently considered in the special sections to follow, it is pertinent
to note that the search for blood groups in dogfish referred to by
Prof. Wormall has been successfully culminated by Sinderman and
Mairs (1961) whose efforts have revealed such a system in Squalw
acanthias.
The blood groups of marine mammals were first investigated by
Yamaguchi and Fujino (1953) who found two kinds of antigens on
the erythrocytes of a dolphin (formerly the striped dolphin Prodelphinus caeruko-albus Meyen, now blue-white dolphin Stenella
caeruleo-albw Meyen). Fujino and, to a lesser extent, Cushing and his
associates have carried this research forward as described in the section
on whales. Antigenic variations were first found in seals through an
examination of fur seal erythrocytes taken from the population
wintering off northern Japan (Fujino, 1959 ; Fujino and Cushing,
1960). Ridgway (1958a) was the first to investigate the serology of
seals in the Eastern Pacific.
This section is concluded by noting that a fish serum, that of the
eel (Anguilb juponica), has specific interest for students of human
blood groups. Some individual serums of this species were found by
Sugishita (1936) to agglutinate all human erythrocytes equally, while
others reacted most strongly with type 0 erythrocytes. These latter
paralleled reactions with other anti-0 serums. These reactions have
in recent years become involved with the recognition of the complex of
interrelationships among the human ABO, Lewis, Secretor and Bombay
blood types (Grubb, 1949; Race and Sanger, 1962; Wiener, 1962;
Wiener and Wexler, 1958). The observations of Sugishita have not
been pursued from the point-of-view of blood groups in the eel beyond
the investigations of Suyehiro noted above.
C . Current research
The following sections are organized under informal headings
covering groups or species of marine organisms that have been the
object of blood group investigations during the past few years. Research
on marine mammals is reviewed first, followed by that on teleost
fishes, then elasmobranchs and finally invertebrates.
1 . The cetaceans
As noted above, blood groups were first described in cetaceans by
Yamaguchi and Fujino (1963) in a species of dolphin. Work on thia
group hrts expanded steadily, chiefly through the efforts of Fujino at
the Whales Research Institute, Tokyo. A number of antigens have
been found in several speaies of both the toothed and baleen whales,
JOHN E. CUSHINO
veniently considered in the special sections to follow, it is pertinent
to note that the search for blood groups in dogfish referred to by
Prof. Wormall has been successfully culminated by Sinderman and
Mairs (1961) whose efforts have revealed such a system in Squalw
acanthias.
The blood groups of marine mammals were first investigated by
Yamaguchi and Fujino (1953) who found two kinds of antigens on
the erythrocytes of a dolphin (formerly the striped dolphin Prodelphinus caeruko-albus Meyen, now blue-white dolphin Stenella
caeruleo-albw Meyen). Fujino and, to a lesser extent, Cushing and his
associates have carried this research forward as described in the section
on whales. Antigenic variations were first found in seals through an
examination of fur seal erythrocytes taken from the population
wintering off northern Japan (Fujino, 1959 ; Fujino and Cushing,
1960). Ridgway (1958a) was the first to investigate the serology of
seals in the Eastern Pacific.
This section is concluded by noting that a fish serum, that of the
eel (Anguilb juponica), has specific interest for students of human
blood groups. Some individual serums of this species were found by
Sugishita (1936) to agglutinate all human erythrocytes equally, while
others reacted most strongly with type 0 erythrocytes. These latter
paralleled reactions with other anti-0 serums. These reactions have
in recent years become involved with the recognition of the complex of
interrelationships among the human ABO, Lewis, Secretor and Bombay
blood types (Grubb, 1949; Race and Sanger, 1962; Wiener, 1962;
Wiener and Wexler, 1958). The observations of Sugishita have not
been pursued from the point-of-view of blood groups in the eel beyond
the investigations of Suyehiro noted above.
C . Current research
The following sections are organized under informal headings
covering groups or species of marine organisms that have been the
object of blood group investigations during the past few years. Research
on marine mammals is reviewed first, followed by that on teleost
fishes, then elasmobranchs and finally invertebrates.
1 . The cetaceans
As noted above, blood groups were first described in cetaceans by
Yamaguchi and Fujino (1963) in a species of dolphin. Work on thia
group hrts expanded steadily, chiefly through the efforts of Fujino at
the Whales Research Institute, Tokyo. A number of antigens have
been found in several speaies of both the toothed and baleen whales,