76
J. E. SHELBOURNE
already been pioneered by Danish scientists. The first transplantation
of young plaice into the inner broads of Limfjord took place in 1892,
under the supervision of Dr. C. G. Joh. Petersen, then Director of the
Danish Biological Station. This was followed by regular annual transplantations on a large scaIe from 1908 onwards (Johansen, 192Ba, b),
The greatly increased growth rato of transplants on normally underpopulated grounds made the whole scheme economically viable
(Blegvad, 1951).
In some cases, completely new fish species have been introduced
into areas where food resources were not being efficiently exploited
by existing stocks. The transplantation of shad from the east to west
coasts of the North American continent was mentioned in an earlier
section of this paper. The striped bass or rockfish, Roccus suxatiZis
(Walbaum), was similarly transferred from east to west with equally
gratifying results. Salmon and trout transplants from Britain in 1868
eventually gave rise to new and thriving fisheries in New Zealand;
whilst more recently, the Aral Sea has been artificially colonized with
Baltic herring (Karpevich, 1960 ; Bibov, 1960). Lake Quarun, Egypt,
now supports a commeccial sole fishery as a result of transplantations
started in 1938 (Salah El-Din El-Zarka, 1963).
One of the leading protagonists of farming procedures as applied
to the sea is Prof. Sir Alister Hardy, who visualizes future fish farmers
using skin-diving techniques and underwater machinery to cultivate
areas of sea bed. Thorson (1958) has pointed out that a mere 1 to 2%
of available fish food is utilized by demersal stock in the sea, the
remainder serving to support huge populations of unwanted animal
'' weeds ". How to manipulate and control production cycles in the
sea so aa to benefit the yield of edible fish is a challenge which will
undoubtedly be mastered by future generations. Our task in this age
is to pioneer small-scale fish farming, preferably in coastal bays and
partly-enclosed areas, to provide basic information and techniques. In
a sense we are now entering a transition period ; whilst still relying on
& hunted, natural stock for fish supplies, there is a growing international awareness of the inadequacies of such a policy, which must
surely lead, perhaps through the intermediate stage of conservation,
to the final farming and domestication of sea fish on an industrial scale.
X. REFERENCES
Anthony, R. (1907).
Anthony. R. (1910).
La piscifacture du turbot au laboratoire maritime du
The cultivation of the turbot. Proceedings of the 4th
Published af~
Mudurn (St. Vaast-la-Hougue). Bull. Mwr. H&8t. mi., Park, 13, 557-9.
Intsrnational Fkhory Congress, Washington, 1908, Pt. 2.
h 2 . U.S. Bur. Fhh. 28. 861-70, (Translation,)
J. E. SHELBOURNE
already been pioneered by Danish scientists. The first transplantation
of young plaice into the inner broads of Limfjord took place in 1892,
under the supervision of Dr. C. G. Joh. Petersen, then Director of the
Danish Biological Station. This was followed by regular annual transplantations on a large scaIe from 1908 onwards (Johansen, 192Ba, b),
The greatly increased growth rato of transplants on normally underpopulated grounds made the whole scheme economically viable
(Blegvad, 1951).
In some cases, completely new fish species have been introduced
into areas where food resources were not being efficiently exploited
by existing stocks. The transplantation of shad from the east to west
coasts of the North American continent was mentioned in an earlier
section of this paper. The striped bass or rockfish, Roccus suxatiZis
(Walbaum), was similarly transferred from east to west with equally
gratifying results. Salmon and trout transplants from Britain in 1868
eventually gave rise to new and thriving fisheries in New Zealand;
whilst more recently, the Aral Sea has been artificially colonized with
Baltic herring (Karpevich, 1960 ; Bibov, 1960). Lake Quarun, Egypt,
now supports a commeccial sole fishery as a result of transplantations
started in 1938 (Salah El-Din El-Zarka, 1963).
One of the leading protagonists of farming procedures as applied
to the sea is Prof. Sir Alister Hardy, who visualizes future fish farmers
using skin-diving techniques and underwater machinery to cultivate
areas of sea bed. Thorson (1958) has pointed out that a mere 1 to 2%
of available fish food is utilized by demersal stock in the sea, the
remainder serving to support huge populations of unwanted animal
'' weeds ". How to manipulate and control production cycles in the
sea so aa to benefit the yield of edible fish is a challenge which will
undoubtedly be mastered by future generations. Our task in this age
is to pioneer small-scale fish farming, preferably in coastal bays and
partly-enclosed areas, to provide basic information and techniques. In
a sense we are now entering a transition period ; whilst still relying on
& hunted, natural stock for fish supplies, there is a growing international awareness of the inadequacies of such a policy, which must
surely lead, perhaps through the intermediate stage of conservation,
to the final farming and domestication of sea fish on an industrial scale.
X. REFERENCES
Anthony, R. (1907).
Anthony. R. (1910).
La piscifacture du turbot au laboratoire maritime du
The cultivation of the turbot. Proceedings of the 4th
Published af~
Mudurn (St. Vaast-la-Hougue). Bull. Mwr. H&8t. mi., Park, 13, 557-9.
Intsrnational Fkhory Congress, Washington, 1908, Pt. 2.
h 2 . U.S. Bur. Fhh. 28. 861-70, (Translation,)