4
J. E. SHELBOUIZNE
egge, and this encotwaged the Commission to erect a second large-scale
hatchery at Glouoester Harbor, north of Cape Cod.
Professor Bdrd died in 1887. His successor, Marshall McDonald
(1891), reported the successful adaptation of the cod hatching apparatus
at Woods Hole to incubate eggs of Pseudopleuronectes anaericanus
(Walbaum) (winter flounder), Scomber scmbrus L. (maokerel), Tautoga
m9iS (L.) (tautog), and Stenotomus chysops (L.) (scup). Facilities for
cod propagation at Gloucester Harbor were extended in 1888 and
1906; the construction of a third east-coast hatchery, at Boothbay
Harbor in 1906, marked the end of the expansion phase in the American
sea-fish hatchery programme.
The impact of this early pioneering work was felt at the London
Fisheries Exhibition of 1883, where the American display had a profound influence on those European biologists interested in artificial
propagation as a means of counteracting the depletion of coastal fish
stocks. Already in 1882, Capt. G. M. Dannevig of Arendal, Norway,
had founded a commercial hatchery at Fladevigen on the Skagerrak
coast to aid the cod fisheries in neighbouring fiords. He visited America
the following year and started production in 1884. The Fbdevigen
hatchery, originally financed from joint private and public funds
(Dannevig, 1947), was taken over by the Norwegian government in
1916 and extended in 1938. A second marine hatchery, devoted mainly
to the artificial propagation of plaice, Pleuronectes phtessa L., was
erected at Trondhjemsfjord in 1908.
Professor J. Cossor Ewart (1886) travelled to the U.S.A. and Canada
in 1884, bn behalf of the Fishery Board for Scotland. His glowing
aocount of fish-cultural practices in the New World appeared in the
m u a l report of the Board for that year. A subsequent report, published in 1892, indicated that the Board were contemplating the
emotion o€ a large hatchery for sea fish at Dunbar, and went on to
state that . . . ‘‘ It will therefore be possible for the first time in this
country to adopt active measures to directly add to the fish supply,
ae hae already been done in the United States, Norway, Canada and
Newfoundland.” As far as I can ascertain, the ‘ r fish ” being propagated in Canada at that time was a shellfish-the lobster. A cod
hatohery on Dildo Island, Newfoundland, started operations in 1890
under the supervision of Adolph Nielsen, a Norwegian fisheries expert ;
the annual reports of the Newfoundland Department of Fisheries
oontain no reference to output after 1901.
The Scottish hatchery, an offshoot of the Marine Biological Station
at Dunbar, w a ~ completed in the spring of 1893, and became conmmed mainly with the artificial propagation of the plaice. Harald
J. E. SHELBOUIZNE
egge, and this encotwaged the Commission to erect a second large-scale
hatchery at Glouoester Harbor, north of Cape Cod.
Professor Bdrd died in 1887. His successor, Marshall McDonald
(1891), reported the successful adaptation of the cod hatching apparatus
at Woods Hole to incubate eggs of Pseudopleuronectes anaericanus
(Walbaum) (winter flounder), Scomber scmbrus L. (maokerel), Tautoga
m9iS (L.) (tautog), and Stenotomus chysops (L.) (scup). Facilities for
cod propagation at Gloucester Harbor were extended in 1888 and
1906; the construction of a third east-coast hatchery, at Boothbay
Harbor in 1906, marked the end of the expansion phase in the American
sea-fish hatchery programme.
The impact of this early pioneering work was felt at the London
Fisheries Exhibition of 1883, where the American display had a profound influence on those European biologists interested in artificial
propagation as a means of counteracting the depletion of coastal fish
stocks. Already in 1882, Capt. G. M. Dannevig of Arendal, Norway,
had founded a commercial hatchery at Fladevigen on the Skagerrak
coast to aid the cod fisheries in neighbouring fiords. He visited America
the following year and started production in 1884. The Fbdevigen
hatchery, originally financed from joint private and public funds
(Dannevig, 1947), was taken over by the Norwegian government in
1916 and extended in 1938. A second marine hatchery, devoted mainly
to the artificial propagation of plaice, Pleuronectes phtessa L., was
erected at Trondhjemsfjord in 1908.
Professor J. Cossor Ewart (1886) travelled to the U.S.A. and Canada
in 1884, bn behalf of the Fishery Board for Scotland. His glowing
aocount of fish-cultural practices in the New World appeared in the
m u a l report of the Board for that year. A subsequent report, published in 1892, indicated that the Board were contemplating the
emotion o€ a large hatchery for sea fish at Dunbar, and went on to
state that . . . ‘‘ It will therefore be possible for the first time in this
country to adopt active measures to directly add to the fish supply,
ae hae already been done in the United States, Norway, Canada and
Newfoundland.” As far as I can ascertain, the ‘ r fish ” being propagated in Canada at that time was a shellfish-the lobster. A cod
hatohery on Dildo Island, Newfoundland, started operations in 1890
under the supervision of Adolph Nielsen, a Norwegian fisheries expert ;
the annual reports of the Newfoundland Department of Fisheries
oontain no reference to output after 1901.
The Scottish hatchery, an offshoot of the Marine Biological Station
at Dunbar, w a ~ completed in the spring of 1893, and became conmmed mainly with the artificial propagation of the plaice. Harald