A&. Mar. Biol., Vol 2, 1964, pp. 1-83
THE ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF MARINE
J. E. SHELBOURNE
Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, England
" The study of fishing waa in time paat emonge the Romainee in
EO great price, and estimation that they did EOW in the Italian
sea, aa it were corm in the ground. ...
Furthermore with great costs they made great Aehe poolee and
pondes full of most pretious flshes. .....
" Of the vanitie and uncertaintie of
and acienoee ''
by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486-1636).
Trannlation published by Ja. Sam., Gent, London, 1669.
I.
11.
111.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Introduction
. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .
History of the Marine Fiah Hatohery Movement
Marine Fish Hatchery Teohniques . . .. . . . . . .
B. Europesn Methods . . .. .. .. . . . .
The Practical Value of Marine Fiah Hatching
A. " Hearsay " Evidence
. .
..
.. .. ..
B. Experimental Evidence
. . . . .. .. ..
The Rearing of Marine Fish Larvae . . .. .. . . . .
Recent Plaice-rearing Experiments in Britain
, . . . ..
A. The Development of the Plaice
. . . . . . . .
B. Plake-rearing in Closed Circulation a t Lowestoft . . ..
C.
. . . .
A. Size Distribution of Survivors
. . . . . . . .
B. The Incidence of Bitten Fins
. . . . . . . .
C. Abnormal Pigmentation
. . . . . . . . . .
The Masa-production of Metamorphoeed FlatAsh . : .. ..
Towards Marine Fish Farming
. . . . . . .. ..
A. Augmenting Natural Recruitment . . .. .. ..
B. Developing New Nursery Grounds . . .. . . . .
C. Pond Culture of Flatfiah
. . .. .. . . . .
References
. . . . . . .. .. .. . . . .
. . . . . .
A. American Methodr
. . . . .. . . . . . .
. . . . . .
Plaice-rearing in Open Circulation at Port Erin, Isle of Man
Some Charwterbtics of Tank-reared Plaice Populations
FISH
..
..
4 .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
2
7
7
11
13
14
16
20
24
26
27
44
64
64
65
67
70
71
71
73
74
76
I. INTRODUCTION
Intensive and competitive trawling with modern gear can keep
fish populations well below the natural level supported by the sea.
A drastic reduction in fishing effort, such as occurred in the North Sea
during the two world wars, enables fish stocks to recuperate. Borley
(1923) showed that the catch of plaice per day's absence from port, in
the year folIowing the 1914-18 war, waa more than double the catoh
1
THE ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF MARINE
J. E. SHELBOURNE
Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, England
" The study of fishing waa in time paat emonge the Romainee in
EO great price, and estimation that they did EOW in the Italian
sea, aa it were corm in the ground. ...
Furthermore with great costs they made great Aehe poolee and
pondes full of most pretious flshes. .....
" Of the vanitie and uncertaintie of
and acienoee ''
by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486-1636).
Trannlation published by Ja. Sam., Gent, London, 1669.
I.
11.
111.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Introduction
. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .
History of the Marine Fiah Hatohery Movement
Marine Fish Hatchery Teohniques . . .. . . . . . .
B. Europesn Methods . . .. .. .. . . . .
The Practical Value of Marine Fiah Hatching
A. " Hearsay " Evidence
. .
..
.. .. ..
B. Experimental Evidence
. . . . .. .. ..
The Rearing of Marine Fish Larvae . . .. .. . . . .
Recent Plaice-rearing Experiments in Britain
, . . . ..
A. The Development of the Plaice
. . . . . . . .
B. Plake-rearing in Closed Circulation a t Lowestoft . . ..
C.
. . . .
A. Size Distribution of Survivors
. . . . . . . .
B. The Incidence of Bitten Fins
. . . . . . . .
C. Abnormal Pigmentation
. . . . . . . . . .
The Masa-production of Metamorphoeed FlatAsh . : .. ..
Towards Marine Fish Farming
. . . . . . .. ..
A. Augmenting Natural Recruitment . . .. .. ..
B. Developing New Nursery Grounds . . .. . . . .
C. Pond Culture of Flatfiah
. . .. .. . . . .
References
. . . . . . .. .. .. . . . .
. . . . . .
A. American Methodr
. . . . .. . . . . . .
. . . . . .
Plaice-rearing in Open Circulation at Port Erin, Isle of Man
Some Charwterbtics of Tank-reared Plaice Populations
FISH
..
..
4 .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
2
7
7
11
13
14
16
20
24
26
27
44
64
64
65
67
70
71
71
73
74
76
I. INTRODUCTION
Intensive and competitive trawling with modern gear can keep
fish populations well below the natural level supported by the sea.
A drastic reduction in fishing effort, such as occurred in the North Sea
during the two world wars, enables fish stocks to recuperate. Borley
(1923) showed that the catch of plaice per day's absence from port, in
the year folIowing the 1914-18 war, waa more than double the catoh
1