22
J. E. SHELBOURNE
(Scophthalmus maximus (L.)) eggs, following the investigations of
Mdard (1899) m d Dantan (1906) into conditions necessary for the
spawning of turbot in marine ponds. Using the rotatory apparatus of
Fsbre-Domergue and Bietrix, Anthony was able to rear newly-hatched
larvae into the feeding stage on finely-sieved plankton, but his feeders
failed to reach metamorphosis.
Before the first world war, much of the experimental output on
rearing techniquee was directly stimulated by the controversy regarding
the value of sea-fish hatohing. Although it became an established
faot that certain marketable fish species could be reared in small
numbers beyond the hatching stage, no determined effort was made
after the war to solve the outstanding technical problem of the timehow to produce a suitable larval food in bulk. Without this knowledge
the mass-produotion of sea fish was impossible; work on the commercial value of artificial propagation could not therefore be taken a
stage further, as suggested by Hjort and Dahl (1900).
Hertling (1932) published a review of progress in marine fish culture ;
his account contains results of larval rearing experiments up to that
time, arranged in taxonomic order. The same year, Dannevig (1932)
described experiments' at Flradevigen on the behaviour of cod larvae
in different light conditions, and this led to a study of the relationship
between light, salinity, pH and larval survival (Dannevig and Sivertsen,
1933). In America, Galtsoff and Cable (1933) devised a current rotor
suitable for rearing certain marine fish larvae, including the mackerel,
sand-dab and tautog. This apparatus permitted continuous water
renewal without danger of loss or injury to the larvae, and provided a
gentle current to buoy them up, to keep the food suspended, and thus,
it waa thought, to aid the fieh larvae in food c&pture. Schach (1939)
and Kotthaus (1939) successfully reared the German coastal herring
through the delioate early stages to 40-60 mm length, using natural
and oultured plankton as food.
Prospects for the mass culture of young sea fish improved substant i d y when Rollefsen (1939, 1940) discovered that the nauplius of
Artemiu d i m (the brine shrimp), was an w i l y cultured and acceptable
living food for larval plaice. He reported being able to house many
thousands of feeding larvae in an illuminated tank of 200 1. capacity,
presumably irrigated with running sea water. This promising advance
was temporarily halted by the 1934-46 war; after hostilities ceased,
experimental rearing studies continued at the Flradevigen hatchery,
the results of which were published by Dannevig (1948).
Until 1945, glasa vessels ranging from a few litres to over a hundred
litres oapocity had been used a t Fbdevigen for rearing experiments,
J. E. SHELBOURNE
(Scophthalmus maximus (L.)) eggs, following the investigations of
Mdard (1899) m d Dantan (1906) into conditions necessary for the
spawning of turbot in marine ponds. Using the rotatory apparatus of
Fsbre-Domergue and Bietrix, Anthony was able to rear newly-hatched
larvae into the feeding stage on finely-sieved plankton, but his feeders
failed to reach metamorphosis.
Before the first world war, much of the experimental output on
rearing techniquee was directly stimulated by the controversy regarding
the value of sea-fish hatohing. Although it became an established
faot that certain marketable fish species could be reared in small
numbers beyond the hatching stage, no determined effort was made
after the war to solve the outstanding technical problem of the timehow to produce a suitable larval food in bulk. Without this knowledge
the mass-produotion of sea fish was impossible; work on the commercial value of artificial propagation could not therefore be taken a
stage further, as suggested by Hjort and Dahl (1900).
Hertling (1932) published a review of progress in marine fish culture ;
his account contains results of larval rearing experiments up to that
time, arranged in taxonomic order. The same year, Dannevig (1932)
described experiments' at Flradevigen on the behaviour of cod larvae
in different light conditions, and this led to a study of the relationship
between light, salinity, pH and larval survival (Dannevig and Sivertsen,
1933). In America, Galtsoff and Cable (1933) devised a current rotor
suitable for rearing certain marine fish larvae, including the mackerel,
sand-dab and tautog. This apparatus permitted continuous water
renewal without danger of loss or injury to the larvae, and provided a
gentle current to buoy them up, to keep the food suspended, and thus,
it waa thought, to aid the fieh larvae in food c&pture. Schach (1939)
and Kotthaus (1939) successfully reared the German coastal herring
through the delioate early stages to 40-60 mm length, using natural
and oultured plankton as food.
Prospects for the mass culture of young sea fish improved substant i d y when Rollefsen (1939, 1940) discovered that the nauplius of
Artemiu d i m (the brine shrimp), was an w i l y cultured and acceptable
living food for larval plaice. He reported being able to house many
thousands of feeding larvae in an illuminated tank of 200 1. capacity,
presumably irrigated with running sea water. This promising advance
was temporarily halted by the 1934-46 war; after hostilities ceased,
experimental rearing studies continued at the Flradevigen hatchery,
the results of which were published by Dannevig (1948).
Until 1945, glasa vessels ranging from a few litres to over a hundred
litres oapocity had been used a t Fbdevigen for rearing experiments,