THE BLOOD GROUPS OF MARINE ANIMALS
123
units of working time under adverse conditions. Ridgway and Sprague
have found the capillary technique particularly well suitred to typing
salmon and tuna taken during cruises on the Pacific, as very small
amounts of reagents are used per test, and the capillaries are relatively
easy to handle, not being subject to spilling in rough weather, and
being disposed of after each test.
V. SUMMARY
The preceding review was concerned with the blood groups of
marine animals, particularly as these relate to the identification of
subpopulations within single species of vertebrates. The first major
section describes the concepts that form the basis of blood group
research. The second section shows how these relate to populations
of marine animals and reviews specific research that has been done in
this area to date. The last major section gives a general account of
methods used in blood group research as these pertain to marine
animals.
The research reviewed has expanded rapidly during the last decade
through the efforts of a number of independent investigators. These
have been able to find useful variations in blood group antigens in
every kind of organism that has been seriously studied, and to show
that it is practical to utilize these antigens in population research. The
forms investigated include species among the cetaceans, the seals and
sea lions, the clupeids, the Atlantic redfish, the salmonids, the tun=,
the elasmobranchs and others. Many of the studies have proceeded
to the point where subpopulation differences are indicated or actually
established. These include representatives among almost all of the
groups noted above. An overall evaluation of these findings leads to
the conclusion that blood group antigens are proving to be valuable
markers in the analysis of the population structure of marine animals.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author acknowledges with thanks, and without implication of
responsibility, suggestions from the following persons concerning the
Preparation of this manuscript : Dr. George J. Ridgway, Biological
Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, West Boothbay
Harbor, Maine; Dr. Lucian M. Sprague, Biological Laboratory, U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Honolulu, Hawaii, and Mr. Douglas
Venn, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California. Dr. Alfred W. Ebeling, Department of Biological
Boiences, University of California, Santa Barbara, is thanked for his
assistance in presenting the scientifio names of bhee. The author
123
units of working time under adverse conditions. Ridgway and Sprague
have found the capillary technique particularly well suitred to typing
salmon and tuna taken during cruises on the Pacific, as very small
amounts of reagents are used per test, and the capillaries are relatively
easy to handle, not being subject to spilling in rough weather, and
being disposed of after each test.
V. SUMMARY
The preceding review was concerned with the blood groups of
marine animals, particularly as these relate to the identification of
subpopulations within single species of vertebrates. The first major
section describes the concepts that form the basis of blood group
research. The second section shows how these relate to populations
of marine animals and reviews specific research that has been done in
this area to date. The last major section gives a general account of
methods used in blood group research as these pertain to marine
animals.
The research reviewed has expanded rapidly during the last decade
through the efforts of a number of independent investigators. These
have been able to find useful variations in blood group antigens in
every kind of organism that has been seriously studied, and to show
that it is practical to utilize these antigens in population research. The
forms investigated include species among the cetaceans, the seals and
sea lions, the clupeids, the Atlantic redfish, the salmonids, the tun=,
the elasmobranchs and others. Many of the studies have proceeded
to the point where subpopulation differences are indicated or actually
established. These include representatives among almost all of the
groups noted above. An overall evaluation of these findings leads to
the conclusion that blood group antigens are proving to be valuable
markers in the analysis of the population structure of marine animals.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author acknowledges with thanks, and without implication of
responsibility, suggestions from the following persons concerning the
Preparation of this manuscript : Dr. George J. Ridgway, Biological
Laboratory, U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, West Boothbay
Harbor, Maine; Dr. Lucian M. Sprague, Biological Laboratory, U.S.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Honolulu, Hawaii, and Mr. Douglas
Venn, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California. Dr. Alfred W. Ebeling, Department of Biological
Boiences, University of California, Santa Barbara, is thanked for his
assistance in presenting the scientifio names of bhee. The author