118
JOHN E. CUSHMO
and centrifugation through solutions containing decreasing amounts
of glycerol, Ridgway, personal communication.) Hodgins and
Ridgway ( 1964) have recently demonstrated that dimethyl sulfoxide
protected saimonid red cells against lysis during freezing to a greater
degree than any other additive used to date, and Hodgins (M.A. thesis,
1963) has made extensive investigations of conditions suitable for the
preservation of both frozen and unfrozen cells of this group. The
report of Gordon et al. (1962) that organic ‘‘ anti-freezes ” exist in the
blood of some fishes could lead to further developments in the preservation of erythrocytes.
The delivery of unfrozen blood samples by air is feasible providing
they are kept cool enroute and attention is given to insuring prompt
delivery and pick-up. Salmon bloods are regularly sent from Alaska
to Seattle in this way, and tuna, bloods from aa far as South Africa
to Hawaii.
Serum samples, vertebrate and invertebrate, are obtained by
drawing whole blood, letting it clot, and separating the serum. Such
samples are preferably kept by freezing at - 20°C, but can also be
kept under refrigeration by adding “ merthiolate ” Lily at 1 : 10 000,
or sodium azide (neb. toxic and potentially explosive in a dry state)
at 0.1%. Reagents, if serums, are best kept as just noted, and lectins
will also keep frozen or can be taken into the field in their original
seeds or as dried powders.
Samples of the blood of whales and other marine mammals are
usually obtained only during the prosecution of a fishery. Fujino has
been able to collect and make extensive studies on the blood groups of
several species of whales while aboard Japanese factory ships in the
Antarctic. Here it was practical to take heart blood from whales in
good condition. Blood samples were also obtained at shore whaling
stations at various points on the Pacific by Fujino and by Cuehing.
Here sampling becomes more difficult aa it is usually not practical to
obtain heart, blood, whales are not always in good condition, end the
frequency of their capture may be too low to make field study practical.
Favorable circumstances, however, have made it possible to g a t h e
muoh useful information from these sources, especially as whale blood
keeps well when refrigerated and is readily preserved by freezing.
Similarly, sealing activities offer opportunities for the collection of
blood, as for example, those that are conducted under the auspice6
of the North Pacific Fur Seal Commission.
Invertebrates yield a variety of body fluids, serums, and hemocyteg
that can be easily handled and preserved, s o w of which contain
substances relating specifically to blood groups (of. Cushing et al.,
JOHN E. CUSHMO
and centrifugation through solutions containing decreasing amounts
of glycerol, Ridgway, personal communication.) Hodgins and
Ridgway ( 1964) have recently demonstrated that dimethyl sulfoxide
protected saimonid red cells against lysis during freezing to a greater
degree than any other additive used to date, and Hodgins (M.A. thesis,
1963) has made extensive investigations of conditions suitable for the
preservation of both frozen and unfrozen cells of this group. The
report of Gordon et al. (1962) that organic ‘‘ anti-freezes ” exist in the
blood of some fishes could lead to further developments in the preservation of erythrocytes.
The delivery of unfrozen blood samples by air is feasible providing
they are kept cool enroute and attention is given to insuring prompt
delivery and pick-up. Salmon bloods are regularly sent from Alaska
to Seattle in this way, and tuna, bloods from aa far as South Africa
to Hawaii.
Serum samples, vertebrate and invertebrate, are obtained by
drawing whole blood, letting it clot, and separating the serum. Such
samples are preferably kept by freezing at - 20°C, but can also be
kept under refrigeration by adding “ merthiolate ” Lily at 1 : 10 000,
or sodium azide (neb. toxic and potentially explosive in a dry state)
at 0.1%. Reagents, if serums, are best kept as just noted, and lectins
will also keep frozen or can be taken into the field in their original
seeds or as dried powders.
Samples of the blood of whales and other marine mammals are
usually obtained only during the prosecution of a fishery. Fujino has
been able to collect and make extensive studies on the blood groups of
several species of whales while aboard Japanese factory ships in the
Antarctic. Here it was practical to take heart blood from whales in
good condition. Blood samples were also obtained at shore whaling
stations at various points on the Pacific by Fujino and by Cuehing.
Here sampling becomes more difficult aa it is usually not practical to
obtain heart, blood, whales are not always in good condition, end the
frequency of their capture may be too low to make field study practical.
Favorable circumstances, however, have made it possible to g a t h e
muoh useful information from these sources, especially as whale blood
keeps well when refrigerated and is readily preserved by freezing.
Similarly, sealing activities offer opportunities for the collection of
blood, as for example, those that are conducted under the auspice6
of the North Pacific Fur Seal Commission.
Invertebrates yield a variety of body fluids, serums, and hemocyteg
that can be easily handled and preserved, s o w of which contain
substances relating specifically to blood groups (of. Cushing et al.,