THE BLOOD QROWS OF MARINE ANIMALS
103
tions have been observed. Some non-reproductive mixing of adult
individuals is possibly indicated in some years by the greater variance
of ‘‘ northern ” samples as contrasted with that of “ southern ”
samples. However, no achools have been found that contain intermediate proportions of C positive and C negative fish.
The subpopulations have been observed to maintain their characteristic frequencies over at least 3 years, and a third subpopulation has
been identified in the Gulf of California by its blood type characteristics
(Vrooman, 1964). Investigations on this species are being continued by
Vrooman for the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological
Laboratory at La Jolla. Marr has noted (1962b) that these blood
grouping studies &re an important contribution to the total accumulation of data that has made the subpopulation structure of the Pacific
sardine better known than that of any other fish.
Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) , while not as exhaustively studied,
also have demonstrable blood type heterogeneity. Ridgway ( 1958b)
has found that erythrocytes can conveniently be classified as “ strong
or ‘ I weak ” in terms of their reaction with heteroimmune anti-herring
serum prepared in the sablefish (Amplopma Jimbria (Pallas)), and
also with the normal serums of pigs. Horse and fur seal serums are
reported as of potential value in these studies. Reactions could be
scored as in salmon (cf. Ridgway et al., 1968) with significant differences
being found among samples from a number of a r e a in southeastern
Alaska and Puget Sound.
( b ) Atlantic species. Sindermann and Mairs (1959) have obtained
extensive information about the serology of several species of
Clupeidae found in the inshore waters of the western North Atlantic,
notably concerning subpopulations of Atlantic sea herring (CEupea
harengus). These varied with respect to the presence or absence of an
erythrocyte antigen, C, detected by its reactions with heteroimmune
rabbit and spiny dogfish (Squulus acanthim) serums, normal lobster
(Homarus americanus) serum, and extracts of varieties of lima beans.
Laboratory studies on immature herring showed that this antigen
did not change as the fish became older.
Comparison of the frequencies of C positive fish disclose I ‘ eastern ”
and ‘‘ western ” subpopulations of immature herring along the Maine
Coast. Samples of fish from the spawning grounds of Nova Scotia
and Georges Bank, as well aa of fish from the Gulf of St. Lawrence
the Rhode Island and New Jersey coasts, had C positive frequencies
that did not differ significantly from the “ eastern ” subpopulation,
that the ‘‘ western group,” with its relatively low number of
Positive individuals, was derived from atill another spawning source.
103
tions have been observed. Some non-reproductive mixing of adult
individuals is possibly indicated in some years by the greater variance
of ‘‘ northern ” samples as contrasted with that of “ southern ”
samples. However, no achools have been found that contain intermediate proportions of C positive and C negative fish.
The subpopulations have been observed to maintain their characteristic frequencies over at least 3 years, and a third subpopulation has
been identified in the Gulf of California by its blood type characteristics
(Vrooman, 1964). Investigations on this species are being continued by
Vrooman for the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological
Laboratory at La Jolla. Marr has noted (1962b) that these blood
grouping studies &re an important contribution to the total accumulation of data that has made the subpopulation structure of the Pacific
sardine better known than that of any other fish.
Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) , while not as exhaustively studied,
also have demonstrable blood type heterogeneity. Ridgway ( 1958b)
has found that erythrocytes can conveniently be classified as “ strong
or ‘ I weak ” in terms of their reaction with heteroimmune anti-herring
serum prepared in the sablefish (Amplopma Jimbria (Pallas)), and
also with the normal serums of pigs. Horse and fur seal serums are
reported as of potential value in these studies. Reactions could be
scored as in salmon (cf. Ridgway et al., 1968) with significant differences
being found among samples from a number of a r e a in southeastern
Alaska and Puget Sound.
( b ) Atlantic species. Sindermann and Mairs (1959) have obtained
extensive information about the serology of several species of
Clupeidae found in the inshore waters of the western North Atlantic,
notably concerning subpopulations of Atlantic sea herring (CEupea
harengus). These varied with respect to the presence or absence of an
erythrocyte antigen, C, detected by its reactions with heteroimmune
rabbit and spiny dogfish (Squulus acanthim) serums, normal lobster
(Homarus americanus) serum, and extracts of varieties of lima beans.
Laboratory studies on immature herring showed that this antigen
did not change as the fish became older.
Comparison of the frequencies of C positive fish disclose I ‘ eastern ”
and ‘‘ western ” subpopulations of immature herring along the Maine
Coast. Samples of fish from the spawning grounds of Nova Scotia
and Georges Bank, as well aa of fish from the Gulf of St. Lawrence
the Rhode Island and New Jersey coasts, had C positive frequencies
that did not differ significantly from the “ eastern ” subpopulation,
that the ‘‘ western group,” with its relatively low number of
Positive individuals, was derived from atill another spawning source.