TABLE IX
EBKEOT OF L O W LIGli’l! INTENSITY ON SHOarJrJG
Author
Verheijen (1953)
SohLifer (1968)
Newman, Puchkov
quoted by
Loukashkin and
Grant (1959)
Blaxter and Parrieh
(1969)
Dragesund (1968)
Radakov and
Solovyev (1959)
Blaxter et d. (1960)
Radakov (1960)
Jones (1962)
Parrish (personal
communication)
Owatiri et al. (1953)
Zuaser (1958a)
Loukaahkin and
Grant (1959)
Moulton (1960)
Girsa (1961)
Species
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Sp&U-9
Bpraltlcs
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Sardine
? S a r d i m p
Tnelanoetieta
Caspian sprat
?Spattua
sprattud
phalerhl.9
Sardinops
caerufea
AnchovieUa
Anchovy
(?species)
Observation
Stopped shoaling in aquarium BB
light intensity dropped
Ditto
Stopped 3hOfding in darkncm
Stopped shoaling in 8 m D q u a -
rim at 0.01 to 0.001 photopic
l UX
Echo traces in Norwegian waters
more diffuae at night, but could
be concentrated by artifickd
lights
Observed from research submarine “Severyanka” to remain “widely spread out, in
small or even large schoole at
night ”
Stopped shoaling in 226 m* aquarium at 1.0 to 0.1 photopic lux,
depending on number of f%h
and their maturity
Observed from research eubmarine “Severyanka” to be
paesive and usually scattered at
night but also in “ small group
and shoals ”. Activity incr&
at dawn
Echo t r m in southern North
Sea more diffuse at night, but
herring still appear to keep
together
Echo traces in northern North
Sea sometimes dense at night
Echo tram in Japanese watem
more diffuse at night
Activity decreased at night, but
remained
in
“ motionless
shoals ”
Stopped shoaling in darkness
Shoals remain intact at night,
Dieperso at low light intensities
(0.1 lux) in aquarium
blinded fish still shoal
below 0.1 lux