THE BEHAVIODR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF RERRINQ AND OTHER OLUPEIDS 263
work, some of which is described here. For a general review on fish
physiology and behaviour, reference should be made to Bull (1962), who
described techniques used for behaviour studies aa well as giving
estimates of the sensitivity of teleosts to environmental factors such as
temperature, salinity and pH. He also (Bull, 1961) described the role
of ethology in oceanographic research. Brown (1967) edited a valuable
publication on the comparative behaviour and physiology of fish in
general, much of which is applicable to clupeids.
The main species covered in this review are given below :
Clwpea harengw L.-Atlantic herring (the Baltic herring is referred
to by the Russians aa Clupea harengus membraa or salaka)
Clupea p a l h i i Val.-Pacific herring (considered by Russian workers
to be a sub-species of harengw)
Sardim pilchardus ( Wa1baum)-European sardine or pilchard
Spattus sprattus (L.)-Sprat
Surdinella aurita Val.-Gilt sardine
Surdimps cuerulea (Girard)-Californian sardine (the taxonomic
status of the Pacific sardines is discussed by Man, 1957)
Sardinops metmwsticta (SchIegel)-Japanese sardine
Brevoortia tyrannwr (Latrobe)-Menhaden
Alosa spp.-Shads
Pomolobus pseudoharengw (Wilson)-Alewife
Caspialosa spp.-Caspian and Black Sea herrings
Clupeonella spp.4aspian sprat or kilka
Some other species of clupeids and engraulids are also mentioned.
In this review Clupea harengw will usually be referred to as ‘* herring ”,
all other species being given their Latin names.
The behaviour and physiology of these fish have been studied, not
only from experiments in aquaria, but also from more indirect observations at sea. Inferences have also been drawn from the extensive
anatomical studies made on clupeids. Because of the commercial value
of clupeids some importance has been given to their behaviour and
physiology in relation to fishing gear.
The review is not arranged solely on the basis of organ systems;
where possible it follows the life history of the fish starting with
fertilization, the egg and larval* stages and ending with maturation and
spawning.
Due to the dificulty of covering the literature, particularly Ruesias
and Japanese, it is regretted if any relevant papers have been omitted.
However, the authors would like to acknowledge the help of the
The word ‘‘ larva ” will be wed to include Stcrges from hatohing to metamorphoais.
work, some of which is described here. For a general review on fish
physiology and behaviour, reference should be made to Bull (1962), who
described techniques used for behaviour studies aa well as giving
estimates of the sensitivity of teleosts to environmental factors such as
temperature, salinity and pH. He also (Bull, 1961) described the role
of ethology in oceanographic research. Brown (1967) edited a valuable
publication on the comparative behaviour and physiology of fish in
general, much of which is applicable to clupeids.
The main species covered in this review are given below :
Clwpea harengw L.-Atlantic herring (the Baltic herring is referred
to by the Russians aa Clupea harengus membraa or salaka)
Clupea p a l h i i Val.-Pacific herring (considered by Russian workers
to be a sub-species of harengw)
Sardim pilchardus ( Wa1baum)-European sardine or pilchard
Spattus sprattus (L.)-Sprat
Surdinella aurita Val.-Gilt sardine
Surdimps cuerulea (Girard)-Californian sardine (the taxonomic
status of the Pacific sardines is discussed by Man, 1957)
Sardinops metmwsticta (SchIegel)-Japanese sardine
Brevoortia tyrannwr (Latrobe)-Menhaden
Alosa spp.-Shads
Pomolobus pseudoharengw (Wilson)-Alewife
Caspialosa spp.-Caspian and Black Sea herrings
Clupeonella spp.4aspian sprat or kilka
Some other species of clupeids and engraulids are also mentioned.
In this review Clupea harengw will usually be referred to as ‘* herring ”,
all other species being given their Latin names.
The behaviour and physiology of these fish have been studied, not
only from experiments in aquaria, but also from more indirect observations at sea. Inferences have also been drawn from the extensive
anatomical studies made on clupeids. Because of the commercial value
of clupeids some importance has been given to their behaviour and
physiology in relation to fishing gear.
The review is not arranged solely on the basis of organ systems;
where possible it follows the life history of the fish starting with
fertilization, the egg and larval* stages and ending with maturation and
spawning.
Due to the dificulty of covering the literature, particularly Ruesias
and Japanese, it is regretted if any relevant papers have been omitted.
However, the authors would like to acknowledge the help of the
The word ‘‘ larva ” will be wed to include Stcrges from hatohing to metamorphoais.