212
C. Y. YONOlD
forms the final paper in Volume I of the Reports of the Great Basrim
Reef Expedition (Yonge, 1940), the work of these laboratories waa
reviewed. Only the two last, and least important, survived the war.
The Tortugaa Laboratory was closed in 1940, the Dutch and Japanlost not only their laboratories but the territories on which they were
situated.
Since the war new activities have appeared. I n the Atlantic the
Lerner Laboratory at Bimini in the Bahamas and the Marine Laboratory of the University of Miami have replaced the Tortugas Laboratory,
although no great attention has been paid to corals. The major
activities in this field have come from the highly important work of
Norman D. Newell and co-workers on the form and nature of West
Indian and Bahamian reefs and that of T. F. Goreau of the University
College of the West Indies, Jamaica, on the physiology and ecology of
corals. His researches, with those coming from the Haskins Laboratory,
New York, on zooxanthellae, undoubtedly represent the major reoent
contributions to our knowledge of living corals. And it should here be
noted that a distinction must be drawn between the neede of an
individual coral colony and those of the community (even if considered
to be no more than the sum of all coral colonies) of which it forms a
PartActivities in the Pacific have been almost entirely American. They
have been carried out by the United States government and been
largely concentrated on the Marshall and Caroline Islands which
became U.S. Trust Territory after the last war. There was immediate
military need for information following a war fought in coral s e a when
too little waa known about reefs and especially about atolls of which
these islands largely consist. These investigations were hteaei6ied
before and after the nuclear bomb tests at Bikini and adjacent atolls in
the Marshall Islands. A massive series of reports, primarily geologial
and oceanographical but with many important biological data, have
appeared, together with the Atoll Research Bulletins produced by the
Pacific Science Board of the National Research Council and National
Academy of Sciences. Papers in these Bulletins have covered 0 V 6 V
aspect of life on atolls, from anthropology to the ecology and systematics
of the terrestrial and marine fauna and flora. Fortunately much of this
work has recently been brought together in " Atoll Environment and
Ecology " by Harold J. Wiens (1962).
Other major activities in the Pacific have included the important
expedition to Raroia (Kon Tiki) Atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelrtgo in
the south-west Pacific, led by Norman D. Newell which, although
primarily geological, provided most valuable information about reef
C. Y. YONOlD
forms the final paper in Volume I of the Reports of the Great Basrim
Reef Expedition (Yonge, 1940), the work of these laboratories waa
reviewed. Only the two last, and least important, survived the war.
The Tortugaa Laboratory was closed in 1940, the Dutch and Japanlost not only their laboratories but the territories on which they were
situated.
Since the war new activities have appeared. I n the Atlantic the
Lerner Laboratory at Bimini in the Bahamas and the Marine Laboratory of the University of Miami have replaced the Tortugas Laboratory,
although no great attention has been paid to corals. The major
activities in this field have come from the highly important work of
Norman D. Newell and co-workers on the form and nature of West
Indian and Bahamian reefs and that of T. F. Goreau of the University
College of the West Indies, Jamaica, on the physiology and ecology of
corals. His researches, with those coming from the Haskins Laboratory,
New York, on zooxanthellae, undoubtedly represent the major reoent
contributions to our knowledge of living corals. And it should here be
noted that a distinction must be drawn between the neede of an
individual coral colony and those of the community (even if considered
to be no more than the sum of all coral colonies) of which it forms a
PartActivities in the Pacific have been almost entirely American. They
have been carried out by the United States government and been
largely concentrated on the Marshall and Caroline Islands which
became U.S. Trust Territory after the last war. There was immediate
military need for information following a war fought in coral s e a when
too little waa known about reefs and especially about atolls of which
these islands largely consist. These investigations were hteaei6ied
before and after the nuclear bomb tests at Bikini and adjacent atolls in
the Marshall Islands. A massive series of reports, primarily geologial
and oceanographical but with many important biological data, have
appeared, together with the Atoll Research Bulletins produced by the
Pacific Science Board of the National Research Council and National
Academy of Sciences. Papers in these Bulletins have covered 0 V 6 V
aspect of life on atolls, from anthropology to the ecology and systematics
of the terrestrial and marine fauna and flora. Fortunately much of this
work has recently been brought together in " Atoll Environment and
Ecology " by Harold J. Wiens (1962).
Other major activities in the Pacific have included the important
expedition to Raroia (Kon Tiki) Atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelrtgo in
the south-west Pacific, led by Norman D. Newell which, although
primarily geological, provided most valuable information about reef