236
R. DAIJHENMIBR
Species
Brornw hordeacew
Avuna f a t u a
Brornwr m U i S
Bromwr r i g i d w
Elymwr glaucw
Stipa pulcttra
Bromua moUia
Eymua cap&-medueae
Axonopw purpwrid
Bulbiatylk conifera
Evolvulw aericeua
Trachypogon lnontujari
Max. irrnp. Max. tc’mp. 1)uratiori
(“C)
(“C)
of dry
without
w-ith
heating
Rnference
injury
survival
82-93
93-104
104-116
82-93
83-93
104-1 16
< 160
< 180
> 90
> 90
> 90
> 90
116-127
5min
Wright,, 1931
104-116
116-127
93-104
5 min
Sampson, lQ44
4 0 ~ c Vareschi, 1962
1
104-116
116-127
> 200
,200
2 min
McKolletal., 1862
1
Awned disaeminules that bury them&elvm in the soil soon after
abscission are of course the best protected of a11 seeds (Bentley and
Fenner, 1958; Biswell, 1956; Edwards, 1942).
Among the species of Stipa tested in southern Idaho, the smaller the
basal diameter the loss the plants were damaged by fire (Wright and
Klemmedson, 1965). Presumably, the smaller the volume of fuel the
less heat released immediately above the perenneting buds.
Fire wounds at the stem base of woody plants have long been recognized as important from the standpoint of providing entry for diseaaeproducing organisms, but if this is a factor in the fire ecology of herbaceous plants, it has not been mentioned in the literature consulted
in preparing this review.
Obscure differences among species, apparently unrelated to phenology, size or growth form, render some species rather immune to fire
(if not indeed stimulated), whereas others subjected fo apparently the
same burning are severely injured (West, 1966). A fire in the Arternieia
shrub steppe of eastern Idaho c a d up to 44% mortality in Festuca
iduhoensia populations, with the numbers of planta still below normal
21 years later, whereas associates were only slightly damaged (Pechanec
et al., 1954). In New Zealand, fire running across a Featuca novaezelandiae community was not so hot but that it left about 50 mm of
stubble, yet it killed 26-80y0 of each tussock, reduced the subsequent
shoot growth by SO%, and reduced flowering by 96% (Sewell, 1948).
El~ewhere in New Zealand two fires separated by 8 years oompletely
R. DAIJHENMIBR
Species
Brornw hordeacew
Avuna f a t u a
Brornwr m U i S
Bromwr r i g i d w
Elymwr glaucw
Stipa pulcttra
Bromua moUia
Eymua cap&-medueae
Axonopw purpwrid
Bulbiatylk conifera
Evolvulw aericeua
Trachypogon lnontujari
Max. irrnp. Max. tc’mp. 1)uratiori
(“C)
(“C)
of dry
without
w-ith
heating
Rnference
injury
survival
82-93
93-104
104-116
82-93
83-93
104-1 16
< 160
< 180
> 90
> 90
> 90
> 90
116-127
5min
Wright,, 1931
104-116
116-127
93-104
5 min
Sampson, lQ44
4 0 ~ c Vareschi, 1962
1
104-116
116-127
> 200
,200
2 min
McKolletal., 1862
1
Awned disaeminules that bury them&elvm in the soil soon after
abscission are of course the best protected of a11 seeds (Bentley and
Fenner, 1958; Biswell, 1956; Edwards, 1942).
Among the species of Stipa tested in southern Idaho, the smaller the
basal diameter the loss the plants were damaged by fire (Wright and
Klemmedson, 1965). Presumably, the smaller the volume of fuel the
less heat released immediately above the perenneting buds.
Fire wounds at the stem base of woody plants have long been recognized as important from the standpoint of providing entry for diseaaeproducing organisms, but if this is a factor in the fire ecology of herbaceous plants, it has not been mentioned in the literature consulted
in preparing this review.
Obscure differences among species, apparently unrelated to phenology, size or growth form, render some species rather immune to fire
(if not indeed stimulated), whereas others subjected fo apparently the
same burning are severely injured (West, 1966). A fire in the Arternieia
shrub steppe of eastern Idaho c a d up to 44% mortality in Festuca
iduhoensia populations, with the numbers of planta still below normal
21 years later, whereas associates were only slightly damaged (Pechanec
et al., 1954). In New Zealand, fire running across a Featuca novaezelandiae community was not so hot but that it left about 50 mm of
stubble, yet it killed 26-80y0 of each tussock, reduced the subsequent
shoot growth by SO%, and reduced flowering by 96% (Sewell, 1948).
El~ewhere in New Zealand two fires separated by 8 years oompletely