Studies on the Insect Fauna on Scotch Broom
Sarothamnus scopariiis (L.) W' immer
N . WALOFF
Department of Zoology and Applied Entomdogy.
Imperial College. London. E'ngland
I . Introduction ........................................................ 88
89
A . Silwood Park A
.
...............................................
89
B . Swothamnus s w ~
s us............................................ 89
I11 . Insects living within the Broom Pod ...................................
96
A . Species connected with Broom Seeds ............................... 96
B . Species living within the Broom Pod Cavity ......................... 102
C .
103
D . Oeneral considerationu of the Broom Pod Fauna ..................... 106
I V . Phytophagous Insects; Defoliators ..................................... 108
A .
108
B .
116
C . Chceiaa legadella and C . rufafa ...................................... 122
V . Phytophagous Insects; Feeders on Plant Juices .......................... 124
A .
124
B .
128
C . Piezodorus liluratua and its Egg Paraaites ........................... 140
VI . Phytophagous Insects; Stem Miners .................................... 141
A . The Biology of Apion immune ..................................... 141
B .
144
C . The Biology of Two Species of Scolytid Beetles and their Hymenoptemus
peresi tes ........................................................
163
V I I . Species that are both Phytophagous and Predacious; Miridoe Heteroptera .. 161
A . Life Historie s .................................................... 161
B . Growth and Decline of Populations in an Expanding and a Declining
Habitet ..........................................................
164
C . The Parasites of Broom M i r i b ................................... 168
D . Arthropod Predators of Miridae on Broom .......................... 172
E . The Coexistence of Five Species of Miridse on Broom ................. 174
V I I I . Predators of Broom Insects ........................................... 178
A . The Precipitin Test .............................................. 178
H . Bionomins of nonm Predacious Arthropods on Broom ................. 179
C . Interrelations between Anthocorids and Psyllida ..................... 188
D . Pnxlatorn o t h e r t h a n l n ~ t s
...................................... 186
E . General Considerationn ........................................... 188
IX . Dispersal by Flight of the Populations of Broom Insects ................... 189
X . Final Considerations ................................................. 196
Aoknowl~dgmen ts ......................................................... 202
Referen oes ............................................................... 202
87
I1 . Description of the Area of Study and of the Host Plant ..................
Species living within the Pod Calla of A.phondyl&x wrdhamni .........
The Study of the Notural Population of PhytoaeetO oliuucua ...........
The Biology and Population Dynamics of 1 9 t h ~ ~
rcgcnslcinen& ........
The Study of Factors Mecting Abundance of Aphids on Broom .......
Population Studies of Two Species of Peyllidae on Broom .............
The Biology and Population Studies of Leumpfcna apartifolielkz . . . . . . . .
Sarothamnus scopariiis (L.) W' immer
N . WALOFF
Department of Zoology and Applied Entomdogy.
Imperial College. London. E'ngland
I . Introduction ........................................................ 88
89
A . Silwood Park A
.
...............................................
89
B . Swothamnus s w ~
s us............................................ 89
I11 . Insects living within the Broom Pod ...................................
96
A . Species connected with Broom Seeds ............................... 96
B . Species living within the Broom Pod Cavity ......................... 102
C .
103
D . Oeneral considerationu of the Broom Pod Fauna ..................... 106
I V . Phytophagous Insects; Defoliators ..................................... 108
A .
108
B .
116
C . Chceiaa legadella and C . rufafa ...................................... 122
V . Phytophagous Insects; Feeders on Plant Juices .......................... 124
A .
124
B .
128
C . Piezodorus liluratua and its Egg Paraaites ........................... 140
VI . Phytophagous Insects; Stem Miners .................................... 141
A . The Biology of Apion immune ..................................... 141
B .
144
C . The Biology of Two Species of Scolytid Beetles and their Hymenoptemus
peresi tes ........................................................
163
V I I . Species that are both Phytophagous and Predacious; Miridoe Heteroptera .. 161
A . Life Historie s .................................................... 161
B . Growth and Decline of Populations in an Expanding and a Declining
Habitet ..........................................................
164
C . The Parasites of Broom M i r i b ................................... 168
D . Arthropod Predators of Miridae on Broom .......................... 172
E . The Coexistence of Five Species of Miridse on Broom ................. 174
V I I I . Predators of Broom Insects ........................................... 178
A . The Precipitin Test .............................................. 178
H . Bionomins of nonm Predacious Arthropods on Broom ................. 179
C . Interrelations between Anthocorids and Psyllida ..................... 188
D . Pnxlatorn o t h e r t h a n l n ~ t s
...................................... 186
E . General Considerationn ........................................... 188
IX . Dispersal by Flight of the Populations of Broom Insects ................... 189
X . Final Considerations ................................................. 196
Aoknowl~dgmen ts ......................................................... 202
Referen oes ............................................................... 202
87
I1 . Description of the Area of Study and of the Host Plant ..................
Species living within the Pod Calla of A.phondyl&x wrdhamni .........
The Study of the Notural Population of PhytoaeetO oliuucua ...........
The Biology and Population Dynamics of 1 9 t h ~ ~
rcgcnslcinen& ........
The Study of Factors Mecting Abundance of Aphids on Broom .......
Population Studies of Two Species of Peyllidae on Broom .............
The Biology and Population Studies of Leumpfcna apartifolielkz . . . . . . . .