of Living Species of Penguins
Flipper
Flipper length (cm)
Foot length (cm)
area
Plumage length (cm)
Min. Mean Max.
Min. Mean Max. (sq cm) Dorsal Ventral Mean
28.0
27.0
17.5
16.1
18.1
19.6
19.0
21.0
15.2
17.8
17.0
12.5
16.2
15.5
11.5
16.6
15.0
16.0
8.5
9.5
10.6
10.5
30.1
29.6
19.1
17.3
17.6
22.0
19-7
21-9
17.8
18.8
18.7
15.3
16-2
16.3
13.2
17.1
17.0
16.6
10.1
10.1
L1.l
L0.7
33.3
31.5
20.5
18.5
19.1
23.6
20.8
23.6
19.3
20.0
20.2
17.0
17.8
18.0
14.5
18-0
18.5
18.0
10.8
10.9
1 l . G
11.0
10.5
14.5
17.0
203
4-5
3-9
4.2
15.0
16.4
18.0
159
3.0
2.7
2.9
12-0
12.4
13.5
80
2.9
2.4
2.7
10.0
11.0
12.0
75
3.7
3.5
3.6
10.0
10.8
12.0
73
3-1
2-8
2.9
11.0
12.9
14-3
103
3.1
2.9
3.0
10.5
11.2
13.0
86
3.3
3.1
3.2
11-3 12.3
13-5
95
3.4
3.1
3.3
9.0
10.8
12.0
78
3-1
2.8
2.9
10-2
11.2
12-5
85
3.1
2.6
2.9
10.5
11.6
12.8
83
3.1
2.7
2.9
7.9
9-8
11.2
57
3 1
2.6
2.9
9.0
10-7
12.5
60
2-9
2.4
2-7
9.8
10.7
11.5
63
3-1
2.6
2.9
8.0
8.6
9-2
49
2.2
1-9
2.1
10.0
11.2
12.7
84
2.3
1.9
2.1
9.5
11.1
12.0
73
2.6
2.2
2.4
8.5
10.1
11.0
69
2-5
2.1
2.3
7.0
7.4
7.9
30
2.7
2.2
2.5
6.5
7.3
5.9
28
2.4
2.0
2-2
7.5
8.2
8-9
32
2.3
1.9
2.1
7.1
7.7
8 - 5
36
2.7
2.1
2.4