TOPICAL SUBJECT INDEX
461
nonreducing, III, 332-337
occurrence of, III, 331-339
reducing, III, 337-339
synthesis of, II, 120-122
Onium compounds,
base exchange reactions and, I, 230233
biogenesis of, I, 233-235
chemistry of, I, 184-189
definition of, I, 181
distribution of, I, 181-182, 184
energetics of, I, 217-221
heterocyclic,
aromatic, I, 203-204
saturated, I, 202-203
structure of, I, 186-187
transfer reactions and, I, 221-233
Onsager's theory, open systems and, I,
56-60
Ootheca(e), proteins, IV, 421-424
Open systems,
definition of, I, 16-20
entropy production and, I, 54-56
Onsager's theory, I, 56-58
applications of, I, 58-60
thermodynamics of, I, 50-60
Optical activity,
chance and, IV, 19
evolution of, IV, 19-20
origin of life and, IV, 16-20
physical induction of, IV, 17-18
Optical asymmetry,
cancer and, IV, 15-16
protein structure and, IV, 11-15
Optical purity,
maintenance of, IV, 3-5
order and, IV, 2-3
Optical rotation, amylases and, III, 359,
384
Organic acids,
analysis and estimation of, V, 208210
balance studies on, V, 210-211
cycles of, V, 204-206
extraction of, V, 208
fate of, V, 237-241
general characteristics of, V, 206-207
inhibitor studies on, V, 212-214
labeling studies on, V, 211-212
metabolism,
in vivo, V, 249-287
localization of, V, 212
origin,
carboxylations and, V, 234-237
fats and, V, 231
proteins and, V, 231-234
sugars and, V, 228-231
principle reactions of, V, 214-227
reaction sequences of, V, 241-249
Organic ions,
concentration differences, origin of,
VII, 140-150
Organic molecules,
complex, formation of, VI, 132-133
simple, origin of, VI, 130-132
Organic transformations,
catalysis, requirement for, VI, 169211
Ornithine, occurrence and properties of,
V, 47
D-Ornithine, occurrence of, V, 69
Ornithine transcarbamylase, distribution
of, II, 199-200, 210-213
Ornithine-urea cycle, metamorphosis and,
IV, 505-509
Osmoregulation,
cells and tissues, II, 506-511
general conclusions, II, 511-513
general considerations, II, 471-473
mechanisms,
excretory organs and, II, 479-498
extrarenal secretion and, II, 504—506
ion absorption and, II, 498-501
water absorption and, II, 501-504
Ovary, iodine and, V, 509, 522-524
Oviduct, porphyrins in, IV, 605
Oxalacetate carboxylase, occurrence of,
V, 235
Oxalacetic acid,
acetyl coenzyme A and, V, 220
citritase and, V, 220
decarboxylation of, V, 227
Oxalic acid, formation of, V, 271, 279
Oxidases, organic acids and, V, 232
Oxidation, detoxification and, VI, 403413
Oxidative
dealkylation,
detoxification
and, VI, 410-411
461
nonreducing, III, 332-337
occurrence of, III, 331-339
reducing, III, 337-339
synthesis of, II, 120-122
Onium compounds,
base exchange reactions and, I, 230233
biogenesis of, I, 233-235
chemistry of, I, 184-189
definition of, I, 181
distribution of, I, 181-182, 184
energetics of, I, 217-221
heterocyclic,
aromatic, I, 203-204
saturated, I, 202-203
structure of, I, 186-187
transfer reactions and, I, 221-233
Onsager's theory, open systems and, I,
56-60
Ootheca(e), proteins, IV, 421-424
Open systems,
definition of, I, 16-20
entropy production and, I, 54-56
Onsager's theory, I, 56-58
applications of, I, 58-60
thermodynamics of, I, 50-60
Optical activity,
chance and, IV, 19
evolution of, IV, 19-20
origin of life and, IV, 16-20
physical induction of, IV, 17-18
Optical asymmetry,
cancer and, IV, 15-16
protein structure and, IV, 11-15
Optical purity,
maintenance of, IV, 3-5
order and, IV, 2-3
Optical rotation, amylases and, III, 359,
384
Organic acids,
analysis and estimation of, V, 208210
balance studies on, V, 210-211
cycles of, V, 204-206
extraction of, V, 208
fate of, V, 237-241
general characteristics of, V, 206-207
inhibitor studies on, V, 212-214
labeling studies on, V, 211-212
metabolism,
in vivo, V, 249-287
localization of, V, 212
origin,
carboxylations and, V, 234-237
fats and, V, 231
proteins and, V, 231-234
sugars and, V, 228-231
principle reactions of, V, 214-227
reaction sequences of, V, 241-249
Organic ions,
concentration differences, origin of,
VII, 140-150
Organic molecules,
complex, formation of, VI, 132-133
simple, origin of, VI, 130-132
Organic transformations,
catalysis, requirement for, VI, 169211
Ornithine, occurrence and properties of,
V, 47
D-Ornithine, occurrence of, V, 69
Ornithine transcarbamylase, distribution
of, II, 199-200, 210-213
Ornithine-urea cycle, metamorphosis and,
IV, 505-509
Osmoregulation,
cells and tissues, II, 506-511
general conclusions, II, 511-513
general considerations, II, 471-473
mechanisms,
excretory organs and, II, 479-498
extrarenal secretion and, II, 504—506
ion absorption and, II, 498-501
water absorption and, II, 501-504
Ovary, iodine and, V, 509, 522-524
Oviduct, porphyrins in, IV, 605
Oxalacetate carboxylase, occurrence of,
V, 235
Oxalacetic acid,
acetyl coenzyme A and, V, 220
citritase and, V, 220
decarboxylation of, V, 227
Oxalic acid, formation of, V, 271, 279
Oxidases, organic acids and, V, 232
Oxidation, detoxification and, VI, 403413
Oxidative
dealkylation,
detoxification
and, VI, 410-411