TOPICAL SUBJECT INDEX
433
Amino sugars, structures of, III, 315-317
Ammonia,
activation of, V, 178
alanine dehydrogenase and, V, 168170
amino acid oxidase and, V, 168, 177178
asparagine synthetase and, V, 168,
172-173
aspartase and, V, 168, 170
carbamyl phosphate synthetase and,
V, 168, 173-174
cytidine triphosphate synthetase and,
V, 168, 175-176
diphosphopyridine nucleotide synthetase and, V, 168, 176-177
distribution of, V, 160-163
enzymatic production,
amidases and, II, 174-177
energetics of, II, 168-169
hexosamine deaminase and, II, 181
nonoxidative deamination and, II,
169^174
nucleodeaminases and, II, 177-180
oxidative deamination and, II, 165169
enzymatic utilization of, V, 167-178
excretion of, IV, 503-505; V, 179
formation, nitrate and, V, 97, 105-109
glutamic dehydrogenase and, V, 167169
glutamine synthetase and, V, 168,
170^172
guanylate synthetase and, V, 168, 174175
metabolism,
evolution of, V, 179
enzymatic reactions and, V, 167178
general, V, 163-164
in animals, V, 179-185
nitrogen fixation and, V, 164-167
properties of, II, 164—165
structure of, II, 164
systems utilizing, II, 186-193
Ammonium derivatives, excitable membrane and, II, 534
Ammonotelism, metamorphosis and, IV,
502-509, 551
Amphibia,
behavior, hormones and, VII, 212-214
carotenoids in, IV, 669
differentiation in, VI, 52-63
digestion of, VI, 373-374
fats of, III, 34-35
metamorphosis in, IV, 487-488, 495496
neurohypophyseal hormone in, VI,
303-304
pentose phosphate cycle in, VII, 59-60
skin, permeability characteristics of,
VII, 157-163
urea cycle in, II, 215-218
visual systems, metamorphosis of, I,
328-330
water and salt regulation in, II, 425428
Amphioxus, water and electrolytes in,
II, 421
Amylase(s), 34
amino acid sequences of, IV, 204
nomenclature of, III, 357, 359^-360
a- Amylase (s),
amylose and, III, 361-362, 376-378
bacterial, III, 373-375
chemical composition of, III, 379, 381
comparison of, III, 376-382
conclusions regarding, III, 382-383
distribution,
animal, III, 36^371
bacterial, III, 373-375
mold, III, 375
plant, III, 371-373
yeast, III, 375
final reactions of, III, 361, 377-378
immunological behavior of, III, 379382
initial reactions of, III, 360-361, 376
intermediate reactions of, III, 376-378
mechanism of, III, 360-364, 376-378
properties of, III, 378-381
reducing sugars and, III, 358-359
starch degradation by, IV, 45-46
substrate changes and, III, 358-359
substrates of, III, 360
ß-Amylase(s),
action of, IV, 46-49
433
Amino sugars, structures of, III, 315-317
Ammonia,
activation of, V, 178
alanine dehydrogenase and, V, 168170
amino acid oxidase and, V, 168, 177178
asparagine synthetase and, V, 168,
172-173
aspartase and, V, 168, 170
carbamyl phosphate synthetase and,
V, 168, 173-174
cytidine triphosphate synthetase and,
V, 168, 175-176
diphosphopyridine nucleotide synthetase and, V, 168, 176-177
distribution of, V, 160-163
enzymatic production,
amidases and, II, 174-177
energetics of, II, 168-169
hexosamine deaminase and, II, 181
nonoxidative deamination and, II,
169^174
nucleodeaminases and, II, 177-180
oxidative deamination and, II, 165169
enzymatic utilization of, V, 167-178
excretion of, IV, 503-505; V, 179
formation, nitrate and, V, 97, 105-109
glutamic dehydrogenase and, V, 167169
glutamine synthetase and, V, 168,
170^172
guanylate synthetase and, V, 168, 174175
metabolism,
evolution of, V, 179
enzymatic reactions and, V, 167178
general, V, 163-164
in animals, V, 179-185
nitrogen fixation and, V, 164-167
properties of, II, 164—165
structure of, II, 164
systems utilizing, II, 186-193
Ammonium derivatives, excitable membrane and, II, 534
Ammonotelism, metamorphosis and, IV,
502-509, 551
Amphibia,
behavior, hormones and, VII, 212-214
carotenoids in, IV, 669
differentiation in, VI, 52-63
digestion of, VI, 373-374
fats of, III, 34-35
metamorphosis in, IV, 487-488, 495496
neurohypophyseal hormone in, VI,
303-304
pentose phosphate cycle in, VII, 59-60
skin, permeability characteristics of,
VII, 157-163
urea cycle in, II, 215-218
visual systems, metamorphosis of, I,
328-330
water and salt regulation in, II, 425428
Amphioxus, water and electrolytes in,
II, 421
Amylase(s), 34
amino acid sequences of, IV, 204
nomenclature of, III, 357, 359^-360
a- Amylase (s),
amylose and, III, 361-362, 376-378
bacterial, III, 373-375
chemical composition of, III, 379, 381
comparison of, III, 376-382
conclusions regarding, III, 382-383
distribution,
animal, III, 36^371
bacterial, III, 373-375
mold, III, 375
plant, III, 371-373
yeast, III, 375
final reactions of, III, 361, 377-378
immunological behavior of, III, 379382
initial reactions of, III, 360-361, 376
intermediate reactions of, III, 376-378
mechanism of, III, 360-364, 376-378
properties of, III, 378-381
reducing sugars and, III, 358-359
starch degradation by, IV, 45-46
substrate changes and, III, 358-359
substrates of, III, 360
ß-Amylase(s),
action of, IV, 46-49