CHAPTER
7
Natural Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides:
Their Structures and Occurrence
D. J. BELL
Agricultural Research Council Poultry Research Centre, Edinburgh,
Scofand
Foreword
288
I. The Monosaccharides
289
A. The D- and L-Families of Monosaccharides
289
B. Glycosides
301
C. Ring Formation in Branched-Chain Monosaccharides ....
304
D. The Deoxyhexoses .
.'
305
E. Branched Deoxyheptoses
309
II. Intersugar Glycosidic Compounds: Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides .
310
III. Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids
312
A. Derivatives of D-Ribose and 2-Deoxy-D-ribose
312
B. Nucleosides Derived from Sugars Other Than D-Ribose or 2-DeoxyD-ribose
314
IV. Aminodeoxy Monosaccharides, "Amino Sugars"
315
V. Occurrence of Some Commoner Monosaccharides, Free and in Glycosidic Combination
317
A. D-Glucose
318
B. L-Glucose
319
C. D-Fructose
319
D. D-Galactose
320
E. L-Galactose
321
F. D-Mannose
322
G. D-Xylose
322
H. L-Fucose
323
I. L-Arabinose
324
J. D-Arabinose
324
K. L-Rhamnose
324
L. Uronic Acids
325
M. Natural Compounds between Carbohydrates and Acids (Excluding
Phosphoric)
327
N. Natural Monosaccharides Bearing O-Methyl Groups ....
329
O. 3,6-Anhydro-L- and -D-galactose Units in Algal Polysaccharides
.
330
P. Pyruvic Acid-Derived D-Galactose Cyclic Ketal Units in Agar .
.
331
VI. The Occurrence of Oligosaccharides
331
A. Nonreducing Oligosaccharides
332
B. Reducing Oligosaccharides
337
VII. Chromatographie Examinations of Biological Materials for Free Sugars
340
References
342
287