226
G. A. D. HASLEWOOD
helpful. In some such cases, quantitative studies may be of value, and
some preliminary work on these lines has been done among the Primates (82).
It is also clear that bile salts are not always what they seem, and
closer study may reveal, as in the rat, liver enzymes which constitute
hitherto unsuspected species characters. In any case, enzymatic studies
are likely eventually to be more valuable then chemical investigations
on gall bladder (or even fistula) bile, and, for this reason, discovery
of a liver preparation that will make bile salts in vitro would do much
to increase understanding of the subject.
References
1. G. A. D. Haslewood, Physiol. Revs. 35, 178 (1955).
2. A. J. H. Rains and N. Crawford, Nature 171, 829 (1953).
3. O. Hammarsten, Z. physiol Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
24, 322 (1898).
4. L. F. Fieser and M. Fieser, "Steroids." Reinhold, New York, 1959.
4a. A. D. Cross, Proc. Chem. Soc. p. 344 (1960); /. Chem. Soc. in press.
5. T. Briggs and G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 79, 5P (1961).
5a. R. J. Bridgwater, T. Briggs, and G. A. D. Haslewood, unpublished.
6. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 51, 139 (1952).
7. T. Kazuno, Z. physiol. Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
266, 11 (1940).
8. T. Shimizu, T. Kazuno, and S. Tsuboi, Proc. Japan Acad. 29, 466 (1953).
9. Y. Okasaki, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 36, 65, 77 (1944).
10. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 59, xi (1955).
11. G. A. D. Haslewood, Ciba Foundation Symposia, Biosyntheses of Terpenes
and Sterols p. 206 (1959); A. J. Birch, ibid. p. 204.
12. M. Kuroda, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 40, 169 (1953); 43, 307 (1956).
13. T. Kazuno, A. Moori, K. Sasaki, M. Kuroda, and M. Mizuguchi, Proc. Japan
Acad. 28, 416, 421 (1952).
14. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 66, 22P (1957).
15. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 78, 30P (1961).
16. T. Shimizu and T. Oda, Z. physiol. Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
227, 74 (1934);
T. Shimizu and T. Kazuno, ibid. 239, 67 (1936).
16a. T. Shimizu and T. Kazuno, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 25, 245 (1937).
17. T. Kazuno, Hiroshima J. Med. Sei. 6, 297 (1958).
18. T. Hoshita, /. Biochem. (Tokyo)
46, 507 (1959).
19. K. Yamasaki and M. Yuuki, Z. physiol. Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
244, 173
(1936).
20. C. H. Kim, /. Biochem. (Tokyo)
30, 247 (1939).
21. Y. Suganami and K. Yamasaki, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 35, 233 (1942).
22. T. Kanemitu, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 35, 155, 173, 409 (1942).
23. Y. Kurauti and T. Kazuno, Z. physiol. Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
262, 53 (1939).
24. H. Mabuti, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 33, 117, 131 (1941).
25. R. J. Bridgwater, Biochem. J. 64, 593 (1956).
26. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 52, 583 (1952).
27. R. J. Bridgwater and G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 52, 588 (1952).
28. T. Komatsubara, Proc. Japan Acad. 30, 614, 618 (1954).
29. S. Hayakawa, Proc. Japan Acad. 29, 279, 285 (1953).
G. A. D. HASLEWOOD
helpful. In some such cases, quantitative studies may be of value, and
some preliminary work on these lines has been done among the Primates (82).
It is also clear that bile salts are not always what they seem, and
closer study may reveal, as in the rat, liver enzymes which constitute
hitherto unsuspected species characters. In any case, enzymatic studies
are likely eventually to be more valuable then chemical investigations
on gall bladder (or even fistula) bile, and, for this reason, discovery
of a liver preparation that will make bile salts in vitro would do much
to increase understanding of the subject.
References
1. G. A. D. Haslewood, Physiol. Revs. 35, 178 (1955).
2. A. J. H. Rains and N. Crawford, Nature 171, 829 (1953).
3. O. Hammarsten, Z. physiol Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
24, 322 (1898).
4. L. F. Fieser and M. Fieser, "Steroids." Reinhold, New York, 1959.
4a. A. D. Cross, Proc. Chem. Soc. p. 344 (1960); /. Chem. Soc. in press.
5. T. Briggs and G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 79, 5P (1961).
5a. R. J. Bridgwater, T. Briggs, and G. A. D. Haslewood, unpublished.
6. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 51, 139 (1952).
7. T. Kazuno, Z. physiol. Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
266, 11 (1940).
8. T. Shimizu, T. Kazuno, and S. Tsuboi, Proc. Japan Acad. 29, 466 (1953).
9. Y. Okasaki, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 36, 65, 77 (1944).
10. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 59, xi (1955).
11. G. A. D. Haslewood, Ciba Foundation Symposia, Biosyntheses of Terpenes
and Sterols p. 206 (1959); A. J. Birch, ibid. p. 204.
12. M. Kuroda, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 40, 169 (1953); 43, 307 (1956).
13. T. Kazuno, A. Moori, K. Sasaki, M. Kuroda, and M. Mizuguchi, Proc. Japan
Acad. 28, 416, 421 (1952).
14. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 66, 22P (1957).
15. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 78, 30P (1961).
16. T. Shimizu and T. Oda, Z. physiol. Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
227, 74 (1934);
T. Shimizu and T. Kazuno, ibid. 239, 67 (1936).
16a. T. Shimizu and T. Kazuno, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 25, 245 (1937).
17. T. Kazuno, Hiroshima J. Med. Sei. 6, 297 (1958).
18. T. Hoshita, /. Biochem. (Tokyo)
46, 507 (1959).
19. K. Yamasaki and M. Yuuki, Z. physiol. Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
244, 173
(1936).
20. C. H. Kim, /. Biochem. (Tokyo)
30, 247 (1939).
21. Y. Suganami and K. Yamasaki, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 35, 233 (1942).
22. T. Kanemitu, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 35, 155, 173, 409 (1942).
23. Y. Kurauti and T. Kazuno, Z. physiol. Chem. Hoppe-Seylers
262, 53 (1939).
24. H. Mabuti, /. Biochem. (Tokyo) 33, 117, 131 (1941).
25. R. J. Bridgwater, Biochem. J. 64, 593 (1956).
26. G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 52, 583 (1952).
27. R. J. Bridgwater and G. A. D. Haslewood, Biochem. J. 52, 588 (1952).
28. T. Komatsubara, Proc. Japan Acad. 30, 614, 618 (1954).
29. S. Hayakawa, Proc. Japan Acad. 29, 279, 285 (1953).