P A T T E R N S I N T H E I N T E G U M E N T O F I N S E C T S
87
period at 66 hr the thickness of the lamellae rises from about 0.1 μ to
about 0.5 μ. The maximum thickness is achieved at, or just before the
critical period, when the rate of deposition is still low. The thickness of
lamellae then falls, as the rate of deposition rises. During most of the
next 90 hr before pupation the rate of deposition per lamella is fairly
constant. The picture is consistent with the rate of deposition being proportional to the frequency of formation of lamellae. The few lamellae
being formed up to 66 hr could then be the last effects of the molting
hormone from the 4th to the 5th molt, and the dramatic shift after 66 hr
would correspond to the activation of the prothoracic gland for the 5thpupal molt and its continued stimulation by the brain. This material
promises to be of interest for the investigation of general problems of
microcycles of cellular activity and the creation of three dimensional
ordered structures.
Acknowledgment
I am most grateful to Hildegard Stump and Peter Lawrence for some stimulating
discussions upon gradients in insects and to M. Goldsmith and J. V. Collins for
helpful criticism of the manuscript. I am happy to acknowledge the technical
assistance of M. Lepusic and B. J. Sedlak. The work was generously supported by
grants GM-09960 and HD-00669 of the United States Public Health Service.
References
Andersen, S. O. (1963). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 69, 249.
Andersen, S. 0., and Weis-Fogh, T. (1964). Advan. Insect. Physiol 2, 1.
Beaulaton, J. (1964). / . Microscopie 3, 91.
Bertram, D. S., and Bird, R. G. (1961). Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 55, 404.
Bouligand, M. Y. (1965). Compt. Rend. 261, 3665.
Condoulis, W. V., and Locke, M. (1966). J. Insect Physiol. 12, 311.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962a). Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London 114, 317.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962b). / . Exptl. Biol. 39, 395.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962c). / . Exptl. Biol. 39, 413.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962d). J. Exptl. Biol. 39, 431.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962e). J. Exptl. Biol. 39, 449.
Eisner, T., McHenry, F., and Salpeter, M. M. (1964). J. Morphol. 115, 355.
Farquhar, M. G., and Palade, G. E. (1963). / . Cell Biol. 17, 375.
Fraenkel, G., and Hsaio, C. (1962). Science 138, 27.
Gilbert, L. (1964). In "The Physiology of Insecta" (M. Rockstein, ed.), Vol. I, pp.
149-225. Academic Press, New York.
Krishnakumaran, A., and Schneiderman, H. A. (1964). J. Exptl. Zool. 157, 293.
Lai-Fook, J. (1966a). J. Insect Physiol. 12, 195.
Lai-Fook, J. (1966b). Personal communication.
Lawrence, P. (1965). Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, England.
Locke, M. (1957). Quart. J. Microscop. Sei. 98, 487.
Locke, M. (1958a). Quart. J. Microscop. Sei. 99, 29.
Locke, M. (1958b). Quart. J. Microscop. Sei. 99, 373.
Locke, M. (1959a). J. Exptl. Biol. 36, 459.
Locke, M. (1959b). New Scientist 5, 1337.
87
period at 66 hr the thickness of the lamellae rises from about 0.1 μ to
about 0.5 μ. The maximum thickness is achieved at, or just before the
critical period, when the rate of deposition is still low. The thickness of
lamellae then falls, as the rate of deposition rises. During most of the
next 90 hr before pupation the rate of deposition per lamella is fairly
constant. The picture is consistent with the rate of deposition being proportional to the frequency of formation of lamellae. The few lamellae
being formed up to 66 hr could then be the last effects of the molting
hormone from the 4th to the 5th molt, and the dramatic shift after 66 hr
would correspond to the activation of the prothoracic gland for the 5thpupal molt and its continued stimulation by the brain. This material
promises to be of interest for the investigation of general problems of
microcycles of cellular activity and the creation of three dimensional
ordered structures.
Acknowledgment
I am most grateful to Hildegard Stump and Peter Lawrence for some stimulating
discussions upon gradients in insects and to M. Goldsmith and J. V. Collins for
helpful criticism of the manuscript. I am happy to acknowledge the technical
assistance of M. Lepusic and B. J. Sedlak. The work was generously supported by
grants GM-09960 and HD-00669 of the United States Public Health Service.
References
Andersen, S. O. (1963). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 69, 249.
Andersen, S. 0., and Weis-Fogh, T. (1964). Advan. Insect. Physiol 2, 1.
Beaulaton, J. (1964). / . Microscopie 3, 91.
Bertram, D. S., and Bird, R. G. (1961). Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 55, 404.
Bouligand, M. Y. (1965). Compt. Rend. 261, 3665.
Condoulis, W. V., and Locke, M. (1966). J. Insect Physiol. 12, 311.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962a). Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London 114, 317.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962b). / . Exptl. Biol. 39, 395.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962c). / . Exptl. Biol. 39, 413.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962d). J. Exptl. Biol. 39, 431.
Cottrell, C. B. (1962e). J. Exptl. Biol. 39, 449.
Eisner, T., McHenry, F., and Salpeter, M. M. (1964). J. Morphol. 115, 355.
Farquhar, M. G., and Palade, G. E. (1963). / . Cell Biol. 17, 375.
Fraenkel, G., and Hsaio, C. (1962). Science 138, 27.
Gilbert, L. (1964). In "The Physiology of Insecta" (M. Rockstein, ed.), Vol. I, pp.
149-225. Academic Press, New York.
Krishnakumaran, A., and Schneiderman, H. A. (1964). J. Exptl. Zool. 157, 293.
Lai-Fook, J. (1966a). J. Insect Physiol. 12, 195.
Lai-Fook, J. (1966b). Personal communication.
Lawrence, P. (1965). Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, England.
Locke, M. (1957). Quart. J. Microscop. Sei. 98, 487.
Locke, M. (1958a). Quart. J. Microscop. Sei. 99, 29.
Locke, M. (1958b). Quart. J. Microscop. Sei. 99, 373.
Locke, M. (1959a). J. Exptl. Biol. 36, 459.
Locke, M. (1959b). New Scientist 5, 1337.