298
CHARLES
Ε.
WILDE
The complete understanding of the differentiation of vertebrate
pigment cells, for all of its manifest advantages as a research instrument,
has yet to be found.
NOTE ADDED IN PROOF
The role of specific nuclear differentiations leading to specific
cytoplasmic syntheses must be thoroughly reconsidered in view of the
announcement by T. J. King (at the 1960 Anderson Hospital Cancer
Conference in Houston, Texas) that a single nucleus from a renal
adenocarcinoma cell of the adult frog can cue the development of a
whole embryo when transplanted to an enucleate, unfertilized frog egg.
Not only is this a nucleus from a neoplastic cell of specific adult
differentiated tissue, but it is most probably a virus induced tumour.
Here regardless of a long history in a well differentiated adult tissue
cell, the nucleus upon transplantation can cooperate with egg cytoplasm
with the result that a nearly perfect late embryo with all of its organs,
tissues and manifold types of differentiated cells is produced!
References
Avery, C. T., MeCleod, C. M., and McCarty, M. (1944). J. exp. Med. 79, 137-158.
Bartelmez, G. W. (1954). Embryol. xxxv, 55-71.
Beerman, W. (1952). Chromosoma, 5, 139-198.
Benitez, Η. H., Murray, M. R., and Chargaff, E. (1957). Anat. Ree. 127, 264-265.
Borcea, Μ. I. (1909). C. R. Acad. Sei. Paris, 149, 688-689.
Brächet, J. (1957). 'Biochemical Cytology.' Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y.
Breuer, Μ. Ε., and Pavan, C. (1956). Chromosoma, 7, 371-386.
Briggs, R. T., and King, T. J. (1957). J. Morph. 100, 269-312.
Curtis, A. S. G. (1957). Proc. R.phys. Soc. Edin. 26, 25-32.
Dalton, A. J., and Felix, M. D. (1953). 'Pigment Cell Growth,' (M. Gordon, ed.)
Academic Press, New York, N.Y. pp. 267-276.
Dalton, H. C. (1953). 'Pigment Cell Growth,' 17-28. Academic Press, New York,
N.Y.
Dalton, H. C, and Krassner, Z. P. (1959). 'Pigment Cell Biology,' (M. Gordon, ed.),
pp. 51-62. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
Delanney, L. E. (1941). J. exp. Zool. 87, 323-344.
DuShane, G. P. (1935). J. exp. Zool. 72, 1-31.
DuShane, G. P. (1943). Quart. Rev. Biol. 18, 109-127.
Ebert, J. D. (1959). Unpublished data cited by permission.
Ephrussi, B. (1956). 'Enzymes, Units of Biological Structure and Function,'
pp. 29-39. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
Ephrussi, B. (1958). J. cell comp. Physiol. 53, Suppl. 1, 35-58.
Feldman, Μ. (1955). J. Embryol. exp. Morph. 3, 251.
Fell, Η. B. (1957). J. nat. Cancer Inst. 19, 636-637.
Fell, Η. B., and Mellanby, E. (1953). J. Physiol. 119, 470-488.
Finnegan, C. V. (1955). J. exp. Zool. 128, 453-480.
CHARLES
Ε.
WILDE
The complete understanding of the differentiation of vertebrate
pigment cells, for all of its manifest advantages as a research instrument,
has yet to be found.
NOTE ADDED IN PROOF
The role of specific nuclear differentiations leading to specific
cytoplasmic syntheses must be thoroughly reconsidered in view of the
announcement by T. J. King (at the 1960 Anderson Hospital Cancer
Conference in Houston, Texas) that a single nucleus from a renal
adenocarcinoma cell of the adult frog can cue the development of a
whole embryo when transplanted to an enucleate, unfertilized frog egg.
Not only is this a nucleus from a neoplastic cell of specific adult
differentiated tissue, but it is most probably a virus induced tumour.
Here regardless of a long history in a well differentiated adult tissue
cell, the nucleus upon transplantation can cooperate with egg cytoplasm
with the result that a nearly perfect late embryo with all of its organs,
tissues and manifold types of differentiated cells is produced!
References
Avery, C. T., MeCleod, C. M., and McCarty, M. (1944). J. exp. Med. 79, 137-158.
Bartelmez, G. W. (1954). Embryol. xxxv, 55-71.
Beerman, W. (1952). Chromosoma, 5, 139-198.
Benitez, Η. H., Murray, M. R., and Chargaff, E. (1957). Anat. Ree. 127, 264-265.
Borcea, Μ. I. (1909). C. R. Acad. Sei. Paris, 149, 688-689.
Brächet, J. (1957). 'Biochemical Cytology.' Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y.
Breuer, Μ. Ε., and Pavan, C. (1956). Chromosoma, 7, 371-386.
Briggs, R. T., and King, T. J. (1957). J. Morph. 100, 269-312.
Curtis, A. S. G. (1957). Proc. R.phys. Soc. Edin. 26, 25-32.
Dalton, A. J., and Felix, M. D. (1953). 'Pigment Cell Growth,' (M. Gordon, ed.)
Academic Press, New York, N.Y. pp. 267-276.
Dalton, H. C. (1953). 'Pigment Cell Growth,' 17-28. Academic Press, New York,
N.Y.
Dalton, H. C, and Krassner, Z. P. (1959). 'Pigment Cell Biology,' (M. Gordon, ed.),
pp. 51-62. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
Delanney, L. E. (1941). J. exp. Zool. 87, 323-344.
DuShane, G. P. (1935). J. exp. Zool. 72, 1-31.
DuShane, G. P. (1943). Quart. Rev. Biol. 18, 109-127.
Ebert, J. D. (1959). Unpublished data cited by permission.
Ephrussi, B. (1956). 'Enzymes, Units of Biological Structure and Function,'
pp. 29-39. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
Ephrussi, B. (1958). J. cell comp. Physiol. 53, Suppl. 1, 35-58.
Feldman, Μ. (1955). J. Embryol. exp. Morph. 3, 251.
Fell, Η. B. (1957). J. nat. Cancer Inst. 19, 636-637.
Fell, Η. B., and Mellanby, E. (1953). J. Physiol. 119, 470-488.
Finnegan, C. V. (1955). J. exp. Zool. 128, 453-480.