S U B J E C T I N D E X
769
O r g a n culture—continued
gas-phase in, 7 0 - 4 , 77, 79
and maintenance o f micro-environments, 11
and maintenance o f target organs, 649
and m a m m a r y gland, 6 3 3 - 4
of mature organs, 70-86
for metabolic studies, 298
methods of, 72 et seq.
mucopolysacchacide production
in,
371, 377
plasma clot in, 74-6
size o f explants in, 7 0 - 1 , 81, 298
for study o f hormones, 592, 597, 617,
633-4, 6 4 0 - 1 , 645
in study o f vitamins, 659
use o f albumin in, 75, 5 5 3 - 4 , 565, 567
uses of, 71, 298
o f white adipose tissue, 128
" O r g a n i s m " ,
production from organ cultures, 73
Organizer (see also Inducing agent, etc.),
in birds, 5 5 5 - 6 0
killed, 541
live, in ectodermal sandwich, 540
-tissues, culture of, 544
Organogenesis,
organ culture and the study of, 6
Organ-specificity, 174
Orientation,
in aggregates, 523
of cells o n collagen, 187
o f cell movement, 181, 183-91
b y endoderm, 556
of epitheliocytes in blastula, 161
o f fibres in clot, 183
of implants o f brain, 5 7 3 - 4
mechanical factors in, 151-3, 183
of mitosis, 187
o f outgrowths o f brain, 196
parallel, o f fibroblasts, 194
Oriented response, 180-1, 183, 185-91,
193
Ornithine,
and arginine, 279, 287, 289, 300, 304
produced b y cells in vitro, 304
and proline, 289
Orosomucoid,
and polysaccharide in long-bone rudiments, 371
Osmotic pressure,
for cultures, 3, 2 2 - 3
and metabolism, 261
requirements o f different tissues, 23
o f saline solutions, 100
and segmentation o f ova, 577
Osteoblasts (see also Bone cells),
and collagen formation, 3 0 5 - 6
corticosteroids and proliferation of,
612
enzymes in, 6 4 8 - 9
parathyroid and, 6 4 6 - 9
Osteoclasts,
as amoebocytes, 159
Barnicot's neutral-red method for, 647
and b o n e lysis, 649
enzymes in, 648
and osteoblasts, 649
and parathyroid, 6 4 6 - 8
Osteogenesis,
related to serum and embry j u i c e , 470
Osteoporosis,
thyroid and, 640
O t i c vesicle,
induction b y extract of, 481
Otocysts,
induction of, 546
Ovalbumin,
and differentiation o f somites, 5 6 8 - 9
Ovary,
confronted with pituitary, 605
culture o f whole, 7 1 - 2 , 128
and genital tract, 617
gonadotrophins and, 6 0 4 - 6
influence o n male gonad, 618
para-aminobenzoic acid and, 127
steroids of, and m a m m a r y gland,
6 3 3 - 4
O v u m (ova),
activation of, 575
culture o f mammalian, 575-82
culture o f reptilian, 583
culture o f segmenting, 5 7 6 - 7 , 580, 583
F S H and, 605
fusion of, 580-2
properties o f surface of, 164, 168
reimplantation of, 580-2
Oxaloacetate,
and amino-acid synthesis, 255
C 0 2 and decarboxylation of, 261
and growth, 248
pyruvate from, 251
and requirement for C O g , 111
and respiration, 262
BB
769
O r g a n culture—continued
gas-phase in, 7 0 - 4 , 77, 79
and maintenance o f micro-environments, 11
and maintenance o f target organs, 649
and m a m m a r y gland, 6 3 3 - 4
of mature organs, 70-86
for metabolic studies, 298
methods of, 72 et seq.
mucopolysacchacide production
in,
371, 377
plasma clot in, 74-6
size o f explants in, 7 0 - 1 , 81, 298
for study o f hormones, 592, 597, 617,
633-4, 6 4 0 - 1 , 645
in study o f vitamins, 659
use o f albumin in, 75, 5 5 3 - 4 , 565, 567
uses of, 71, 298
o f white adipose tissue, 128
" O r g a n i s m " ,
production from organ cultures, 73
Organizer (see also Inducing agent, etc.),
in birds, 5 5 5 - 6 0
killed, 541
live, in ectodermal sandwich, 540
-tissues, culture of, 544
Organogenesis,
organ culture and the study of, 6
Organ-specificity, 174
Orientation,
in aggregates, 523
of cells o n collagen, 187
o f cell movement, 181, 183-91
b y endoderm, 556
of epitheliocytes in blastula, 161
o f fibres in clot, 183
of implants o f brain, 5 7 3 - 4
mechanical factors in, 151-3, 183
of mitosis, 187
o f outgrowths o f brain, 196
parallel, o f fibroblasts, 194
Oriented response, 180-1, 183, 185-91,
193
Ornithine,
and arginine, 279, 287, 289, 300, 304
produced b y cells in vitro, 304
and proline, 289
Orosomucoid,
and polysaccharide in long-bone rudiments, 371
Osmotic pressure,
for cultures, 3, 2 2 - 3
and metabolism, 261
requirements o f different tissues, 23
o f saline solutions, 100
and segmentation o f ova, 577
Osteoblasts (see also Bone cells),
and collagen formation, 3 0 5 - 6
corticosteroids and proliferation of,
612
enzymes in, 6 4 8 - 9
parathyroid and, 6 4 6 - 9
Osteoclasts,
as amoebocytes, 159
Barnicot's neutral-red method for, 647
and b o n e lysis, 649
enzymes in, 648
and osteoblasts, 649
and parathyroid, 6 4 6 - 8
Osteogenesis,
related to serum and embry j u i c e , 470
Osteoporosis,
thyroid and, 640
O t i c vesicle,
induction b y extract of, 481
Otocysts,
induction of, 546
Ovalbumin,
and differentiation o f somites, 5 6 8 - 9
Ovary,
confronted with pituitary, 605
culture o f whole, 7 1 - 2 , 128
and genital tract, 617
gonadotrophins and, 6 0 4 - 6
influence o n male gonad, 618
para-aminobenzoic acid and, 127
steroids of, and m a m m a r y gland,
6 3 3 - 4
O v u m (ova),
activation of, 575
culture o f mammalian, 575-82
culture o f reptilian, 583
culture o f segmenting, 5 7 6 - 7 , 580, 583
F S H and, 605
fusion of, 580-2
properties o f surface of, 164, 168
reimplantation of, 580-2
Oxaloacetate,
and amino-acid synthesis, 255
C 0 2 and decarboxylation of, 261
and growth, 248
pyruvate from, 251
and requirement for C O g , 111
and respiration, 262
BB