C H A P T E R
1 6
The Action of Hormones on Cell and Organ Cultures
I L S E L A S N I T Z K I *
Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, England
I. Introduction
591
II. Effects of Insulin and Growth Hormone
593
A. Effects on tissue and cell cultures
593
B. Effects on foetal bone
597
C. Summary
600
III. Effects of Thyrotrophin (TSH), Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and
Gonadotrophins
601
A. Effects of thyrotrophin on the embryonic and young adult thyroid gland . . . .601
B. Effect of A C T H on the adrenal cortex
603
C. Effects of gonadotrophins and anterior pituitary on gonads
604
IV. Action of Corticosteroids and Adrenaline
607
A. Effects on tissue and cell cultures
607
B. Effects on differentiation of melanophores
609
C. Effects on the secretory activity of the kidney
609
D. Effects on skin
610
E. Effects on chick bone rudiments
612
F. Interaction of hydrocortisone with vitamin A
614
G. Effect of adrenaline on neurofibril formation
616
V. The Effects of Sex Hormones
616
A. Effects on tissue and cell cultures
616
B. Effects on embryonic development in organ cultures
617
C. Effects on postnatal organs
621
V I . Influence of Hormones on the Development and Function of the Mouse
Mammary Gland
633
A. Comparison of hormone dependence between normal mammary tissue,
hyperplastic nodules and mammary tumours
638
V I I . Effects of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
639
A. Effects on cell cultures
639
B. Effects on organ cultures of bone
640
C. Effect of thyroxine and antithyroid compounds on pigment formation in vitro. . 643
VIII. The Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Bone
645
A. Histological and morphological changes
645
B. Changes in enzyme activity
648
I X . Conclusions
649
References
650
I . I N T R O D U C T I O N
The Tissue-Culture method offers many advantages for the study
of hormonal action. In the organism, application of hormones sets
*Sir Halley Stewart Fellow.