CHAPTER 12
Genetic Cytology
T . C . H S U
The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and
Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
397
I. Introduction
II. Cytogenetics of Man
™
A. The X X Y genotype
404
B. The X O genotype
f °
C. The X X X genotype
™l
D. Hermaphroditism
™8
E. Trisomy
™9
F. Translocations
0
G. Polyploidy
1
H. Negative data
I. The outlook
3
III. DNA Synthesis and the Cell Cycle
5
A. Autoradiography
^
B. The cell cycle
0
C. Chromosome structure
D. Cell synchronization
IV. Heterochromatin and Heteropyknosis
3 *
V. Sex Chromatin, Sex Chromosomes, Sex Determination
446
References
° ^
I. I N T R O D U C T I O N
One branch of biology, mammalian cytology, has been greatly
benefited by the advances of cell culture during the past decade.
Improved techniques have made possible detailed characterization
of mammalian chromosomes. This opened many avenues of research,
among which are the crucial evaluation of the Boveri theory of carcinogenesis, the detailed analysis of cell populations, the phylogenetic
studies of mammalian species, the development of somatic cell genetics,
and the more recent investigations of cytogenetics of man. In a recent
review (Hsu, 1961) I presented collective data and opinions on the
subject "Evolution of cell populations", and these include the Boveri
concept, problems of somatic aneuploidy, genetic changes in cells
Genetic Cytology
T . C . H S U
The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and
Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
397
I. Introduction
II. Cytogenetics of Man
™
A. The X X Y genotype
404
B. The X O genotype
f °
C. The X X X genotype
™l
D. Hermaphroditism
™8
E. Trisomy
™9
F. Translocations
0
G. Polyploidy
1
H. Negative data
I. The outlook
3
III. DNA Synthesis and the Cell Cycle
5
A. Autoradiography
^
B. The cell cycle
0
C. Chromosome structure
D. Cell synchronization
IV. Heterochromatin and Heteropyknosis
3 *
V. Sex Chromatin, Sex Chromosomes, Sex Determination
446
References
° ^
I. I N T R O D U C T I O N
One branch of biology, mammalian cytology, has been greatly
benefited by the advances of cell culture during the past decade.
Improved techniques have made possible detailed characterization
of mammalian chromosomes. This opened many avenues of research,
among which are the crucial evaluation of the Boveri theory of carcinogenesis, the detailed analysis of cell populations, the phylogenetic
studies of mammalian species, the development of somatic cell genetics,
and the more recent investigations of cytogenetics of man. In a recent
review (Hsu, 1961) I presented collective data and opinions on the
subject "Evolution of cell populations", and these include the Boveri
concept, problems of somatic aneuploidy, genetic changes in cells