CHAPTER 1 1
Mucopolysaccharide Metabolism in Tissue Culture
J. T. D I N G L E and M. WEBB
Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, England
I. Introduction
353
II. Analytical and Technical Methods
354
A. Classification of mucopolysaccharides
354
B. Composition and distribution of mucopolysaccharides
355
C. Histological identification
358
D. Analysis of mucopolysaccharides
359
E. Extraction of mucopolysaccharides
359
F. Purification and identification of mucopolysaccharides
360
G. Chemical estimation of mucopolysaccharide constituents
362
H. Infra-red analysis
364
I. Glycoproteins
365
III. Tissue Culture Studies
365
A. Mucopolysaccharide determination in tissue culture
365
B. Production of mucopolysaccharides in culture
368
C. Mucopolysaccharides and the cell surface
375
D. Pathways of mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis
377
E. Turnover of mucopolysaccharides
379
F. Enzymic degradation of mucopolysaccharides in culture
380
G. Mucopolysaccharide breakdown and invasive growth of malignant tumours . . 382
H. Action of vitamins and hormones on mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis
and turnover
383
IV. Concluding Remarks
385
References
386
I . I N T R O D U C T I O N
Although the problems of the isolation, fractionation and chemical
characterization of the mucopolysaccharides are considerable, these
substances, or at least the acid mucopolysaccharides, comprise a limited
number of distinct chemical compounds of known composition if not
constitution. It is disappointing, therefore, that few serious attempts
have been made to extend and apply the more recent advances in the
biochemistry of the mucopolysaccharides to the microscale of tissue
and organ culture. Thus, although it is perhaps not to be expected
that Tissue Culture methods will make any great contribution to the
chemistry of the mucopolysaccharides, it is immediately apparent that
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