3 1 2
J . A . L U C Y
with freshly explanted tissue in the form of explant, cell or organ
cultures.
In the field of nutrition, it has been found that eight amino acids
are essential in culture. In addition, certain other amino acids are also
required by freshly isolated tissues in vitro. These findings are similar
to those obtained by workers using serially propagated cells.
Many other problems have been investigated, ranging from the
study of patterns of amino-acid utilization by different tissues to
investigations on proteolysis; research has been done on such widely
differing topics as keratin synthesis and the mechanisms of allergic
reactions. Most of these investigations have benefited from the experimental conditions that are peculiar to Tissue Culture.
It is not possible to summarize these studies in a concise manner
since the problems concerned are so varied. This versatility is indeed
a great merit of Tissue-Culture methods since, from the viewpoint of
a biochemist, Tissue Culture is not an end in itself but is a method
that can profitably be employed, especially in conjunction with other
techniques, in investigations on the metabolism of cells and tissues.
R E F E R E N C E S
Abdel-Samie, Y . M . , Broda, E. and Kellner, G . (1960). T h e autonomous production
of individual serum proteins b y tissue in culture. Biochem. J. 75, 209.
Biggers, J. D . (1960). T h e growth o f embryonic chick tibiotarsi o n a chemically
defined m e d i u m . J. exp. Z<*ol. 144, 233.
Biggers, J. D . (1961). L-Glutamine and the growth o f embryonic chick tibiotarsi in
vitro. Nature, Lond. 189, 1016.
Biggers, J. D . , Gwatkin, R . B. L . and Heyner, S. (1961). Growth o f embryonic avian
and mammalian tibiae o n a relatively simple chemically defined m e d i u m .
Exp. Cell Res. 25, 4 1 .
Biggers, J. D . , Lawson, K . A . , Lucy, J. A . and W e b b , M . (1961). T h e chemical
composition o f long-bone rudiments from the embryonic chick. Biochim. biophys.
Acta 54, 236.
Biggers, J. D . and Lucy, J. A . (1960). Composition and preparation o f small batches
of a modification o f m e d i u m 858 (denoted B L I ) . J. exp. Zool. 144, 253.
Biggers, J. D . , W e b b , M . , Parker, R . G. and Healy, G . M . (1957). Cultivation o f
embryonic chick bones on chemically defined media. Nature, Lond. 180, 825.
Carrel, A . and Baker, L . E. (1926). T h e chemical nature o f substances required for
cell multiplication. J. exp. Med. 44, 503.
Chvapil, M . , Holeckova, E., Cmuchalova, B., K o b r l e , V . and Hurych, J. (1962).
Ultrafiltrable and collagen-bound hydroxyproline in chicken lung tissue cultures
and in subcellular fractions. Exp. Cell Res. 26, 1.
Dingle, J. T . (1961). Studies o n the m o d e o f action o f excess o f vitamin A . 3. Release
of a b o u n d protease b y the action o f vitamin A . Biochem. J. 79, 509.
Dingle, J. T . , Lucy, J. A . and Fell, H . B. (1961). Studies o n the m o d e o f action o f
excess o f vitamin A . 1. Effect o f excess o f vitamin A o n the metabolism and
composition o f embryonic chick-limb cartilage grown in organ culture. Biochem.
J. 79, 497.
J . A . L U C Y
with freshly explanted tissue in the form of explant, cell or organ
cultures.
In the field of nutrition, it has been found that eight amino acids
are essential in culture. In addition, certain other amino acids are also
required by freshly isolated tissues in vitro. These findings are similar
to those obtained by workers using serially propagated cells.
Many other problems have been investigated, ranging from the
study of patterns of amino-acid utilization by different tissues to
investigations on proteolysis; research has been done on such widely
differing topics as keratin synthesis and the mechanisms of allergic
reactions. Most of these investigations have benefited from the experimental conditions that are peculiar to Tissue Culture.
It is not possible to summarize these studies in a concise manner
since the problems concerned are so varied. This versatility is indeed
a great merit of Tissue-Culture methods since, from the viewpoint of
a biochemist, Tissue Culture is not an end in itself but is a method
that can profitably be employed, especially in conjunction with other
techniques, in investigations on the metabolism of cells and tissues.
R E F E R E N C E S
Abdel-Samie, Y . M . , Broda, E. and Kellner, G . (1960). T h e autonomous production
of individual serum proteins b y tissue in culture. Biochem. J. 75, 209.
Biggers, J. D . (1960). T h e growth o f embryonic chick tibiotarsi o n a chemically
defined m e d i u m . J. exp. Z<*ol. 144, 233.
Biggers, J. D . (1961). L-Glutamine and the growth o f embryonic chick tibiotarsi in
vitro. Nature, Lond. 189, 1016.
Biggers, J. D . , Gwatkin, R . B. L . and Heyner, S. (1961). Growth o f embryonic avian
and mammalian tibiae o n a relatively simple chemically defined m e d i u m .
Exp. Cell Res. 25, 4 1 .
Biggers, J. D . , Lawson, K . A . , Lucy, J. A . and W e b b , M . (1961). T h e chemical
composition o f long-bone rudiments from the embryonic chick. Biochim. biophys.
Acta 54, 236.
Biggers, J. D . and Lucy, J. A . (1960). Composition and preparation o f small batches
of a modification o f m e d i u m 858 (denoted B L I ) . J. exp. Zool. 144, 253.
Biggers, J. D . , W e b b , M . , Parker, R . G. and Healy, G . M . (1957). Cultivation o f
embryonic chick bones on chemically defined media. Nature, Lond. 180, 825.
Carrel, A . and Baker, L . E. (1926). T h e chemical nature o f substances required for
cell multiplication. J. exp. Med. 44, 503.
Chvapil, M . , Holeckova, E., Cmuchalova, B., K o b r l e , V . and Hurych, J. (1962).
Ultrafiltrable and collagen-bound hydroxyproline in chicken lung tissue cultures
and in subcellular fractions. Exp. Cell Res. 26, 1.
Dingle, J. T . (1961). Studies o n the m o d e o f action o f excess o f vitamin A . 3. Release
of a b o u n d protease b y the action o f vitamin A . Biochem. J. 79, 509.
Dingle, J. T . , Lucy, J. A . and Fell, H . B. (1961). Studies o n the m o d e o f action o f
excess o f vitamin A . 1. Effect o f excess o f vitamin A o n the metabolism and
composition o f embryonic chick-limb cartilage grown in organ culture. Biochem.
J. 79, 497.