6.
LITERATURE CITED
215
may be formed. These difficulties are discussed in appropriate sections
of Chapter 7.
Supporting grids may be quite dirty when they are received from the
manufacturer. We have had batches that contained much fine copper
dust. Other contaminants as well are possible. Batches of dirty screens
can be washed, however, and an Erlenmeyer flask of about 200 cc capacity is a convenient receptacle. A quantity of screens may be shaken up in
this with a soap or detergent solution. Repeated sudsing will carry away
particulate matter. The soap is rinsed away with several changes of demineralized water. Finally, as an aid to drying and also to provide for
additional degreasing, they are passed through a reagent grade acetone
or absolute alcohol bath and dumped out on large sheets of filter paper
to dry. Simple oxide films, which may prevent the proper adherence of
supporting films or sections, can be removed by a brief treatment with
glacial acetic acid, followed by rinsing and drying (Chapter 5.26).
Sometimes it is desirable as part of the cleaning process to etch screens
somewhat to enlarge the holes. A dilute, nitric acid solution can be used
as a prelude to the washing procedure outlined above. One should be
prepared to stop the action of the acid quickly in case there seems danger
of dissolving the screens altogether. This can best be done by adding a
large volume of water and decanting.
LITERATURE CITED
Barnes, B. G., and Chambers, T. C. (1961). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 9, 724.
Bradley, D. E. (1954). Brit. J. Appl.
Phys. 5, 65.
Dowell, W. C T. (1959). /. Ultrastructure
Research
2, 388.
Gay, H., and Anderson, T. E. (1954). Science
120, 1071.
Kafig, E. (1958). /. Appl.
Phys. 29, 1624.
Renshaw, T. A., and Schneidmiller, R. F. (1958). /. Appl
Phys. 29, 1624.
Roth, L. E. (1959). Proc. Electron Microscope Soc. Amer., /. Appl. Phys. 30.
Sjostrand, F. S. (1957). In "Electron Microscopy: Proceedings of the Stockholm Conference, September 1956" (F. S. Sjostrand and J. Rhodin, eds.), p. 120. Almqvist &
Wicksell, Uppsala, Sweden.
Spencer, M. (1959). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol
6, 125.
Watson, M. L. (1955). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol
1, 183.
Watson, M. L. (1957). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol
3, 1017.
Westfall, J. A., and Healy, D. L. (1962). Stain Technol
37, 118.
LITERATURE CITED
215
may be formed. These difficulties are discussed in appropriate sections
of Chapter 7.
Supporting grids may be quite dirty when they are received from the
manufacturer. We have had batches that contained much fine copper
dust. Other contaminants as well are possible. Batches of dirty screens
can be washed, however, and an Erlenmeyer flask of about 200 cc capacity is a convenient receptacle. A quantity of screens may be shaken up in
this with a soap or detergent solution. Repeated sudsing will carry away
particulate matter. The soap is rinsed away with several changes of demineralized water. Finally, as an aid to drying and also to provide for
additional degreasing, they are passed through a reagent grade acetone
or absolute alcohol bath and dumped out on large sheets of filter paper
to dry. Simple oxide films, which may prevent the proper adherence of
supporting films or sections, can be removed by a brief treatment with
glacial acetic acid, followed by rinsing and drying (Chapter 5.26).
Sometimes it is desirable as part of the cleaning process to etch screens
somewhat to enlarge the holes. A dilute, nitric acid solution can be used
as a prelude to the washing procedure outlined above. One should be
prepared to stop the action of the acid quickly in case there seems danger
of dissolving the screens altogether. This can best be done by adding a
large volume of water and decanting.
LITERATURE CITED
Barnes, B. G., and Chambers, T. C. (1961). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 9, 724.
Bradley, D. E. (1954). Brit. J. Appl.
Phys. 5, 65.
Dowell, W. C T. (1959). /. Ultrastructure
Research
2, 388.
Gay, H., and Anderson, T. E. (1954). Science
120, 1071.
Kafig, E. (1958). /. Appl.
Phys. 29, 1624.
Renshaw, T. A., and Schneidmiller, R. F. (1958). /. Appl
Phys. 29, 1624.
Roth, L. E. (1959). Proc. Electron Microscope Soc. Amer., /. Appl. Phys. 30.
Sjostrand, F. S. (1957). In "Electron Microscopy: Proceedings of the Stockholm Conference, September 1956" (F. S. Sjostrand and J. Rhodin, eds.), p. 120. Almqvist &
Wicksell, Uppsala, Sweden.
Spencer, M. (1959). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol
6, 125.
Watson, M. L. (1955). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol
1, 183.
Watson, M. L. (1957). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol
3, 1017.
Westfall, J. A., and Healy, D. L. (1962). Stain Technol
37, 118.