190
5.
SECTIONING
the same on its two sides. On one side each grid bar is convex, while on
the other side it is flat. This low cost material is perfectly satisfactory for
most work. For theoretical reasons it seems best to place the flat side in
contact with supporting films and sections, for this would provide the
greatest possible area of contact and would favor adherence. In practice,
however, it does not make much difference.
The more expensive Athene-type grids, made by a different process, are
flat on both sides, although one side is polished and the other is matte.
Probably the polished side forms the best contact with supporting films or
sections providing it is clean.
The adherence of sections mounted directly upon grids without supporting films is importantly dependent upon having clean copper. We
currently make it a practice to wash a few weeks' supply of grids for a few
minutes in glacial acetic acid. They then are rinsed with several changes
of water. Finally, as an aid to drying, and also to provide for additional
degreasing, they are passed through a reagent grade acetone or absolute
alcohol bath, and then dried on large sheets of filter paper. Cleaned grids
are handled only with forceps. When there are special problems with
adherence, grid wires can be pre-coated with an adhesive (Chapter 6.9).
LITERATURE CITED
Andre, J. (1962). /. Ultrastructure
Research
6, 437.
Bachmann, A., and Sitte, P. (1958). Program
(Abstr.)
Fourth
Intern.
Conf.
Electron
Microscopy,
Berlin,
p. 106.
Bretschneider, L. H. (1952). Intern.
Rev. Cytol. 1, 305.
Brody, I. (1959). J. Ultrastructure
Research
2, 482.
Cameron, D. A. (1956). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 2 (Suppl.), 57.
Claude, A. (1948). Harvey
Lectures,
Ser. 43, 121.
Clevenger, M. R. (1963). Science
142, 241.
Fahrenbach, W. H. (1963). /. Cell Biol. 18, 475.
Fernandez-Moran, H. (1956). J. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 2 (Suppl.), p. 29.
Fullam, E. F., and Gessler, A. E. (1946). Rev. Sci. Instr. 17, 23.
Gettner, M. E., and Hillier, J. (1950). /. Appl. Phys. 21, 68.
Gettner, M. E., and Ornstein, L. (1956). In "Physical Techniques in Biological Research
(G. Oster and A. W. Pollister, eds.), Vol. Ill, Chapter 13. Academic Press, New York.
Huxley, H. E. (1957). J. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 3, 631.
Latta, H., and Hartmann, J. F. (1950). Proc. Soc. Exptl.
Biol. Med. 74, 436.
Marinozzi, V. (1961). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 9, 121.
Morgan, C, Moore, D. H., and Rose, H. M. (1956). J. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol.
2
(Suppl.), p. 21.
Newman, S. B., Borysko, E., and Swerdlow, M. (1949). /. Research
Natl.
Bur.
Standards
43, 183.
5.
SECTIONING
the same on its two sides. On one side each grid bar is convex, while on
the other side it is flat. This low cost material is perfectly satisfactory for
most work. For theoretical reasons it seems best to place the flat side in
contact with supporting films and sections, for this would provide the
greatest possible area of contact and would favor adherence. In practice,
however, it does not make much difference.
The more expensive Athene-type grids, made by a different process, are
flat on both sides, although one side is polished and the other is matte.
Probably the polished side forms the best contact with supporting films or
sections providing it is clean.
The adherence of sections mounted directly upon grids without supporting films is importantly dependent upon having clean copper. We
currently make it a practice to wash a few weeks' supply of grids for a few
minutes in glacial acetic acid. They then are rinsed with several changes
of water. Finally, as an aid to drying, and also to provide for additional
degreasing, they are passed through a reagent grade acetone or absolute
alcohol bath, and then dried on large sheets of filter paper. Cleaned grids
are handled only with forceps. When there are special problems with
adherence, grid wires can be pre-coated with an adhesive (Chapter 6.9).
LITERATURE CITED
Andre, J. (1962). /. Ultrastructure
Research
6, 437.
Bachmann, A., and Sitte, P. (1958). Program
(Abstr.)
Fourth
Intern.
Conf.
Electron
Microscopy,
Berlin,
p. 106.
Bretschneider, L. H. (1952). Intern.
Rev. Cytol. 1, 305.
Brody, I. (1959). J. Ultrastructure
Research
2, 482.
Cameron, D. A. (1956). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 2 (Suppl.), 57.
Claude, A. (1948). Harvey
Lectures,
Ser. 43, 121.
Clevenger, M. R. (1963). Science
142, 241.
Fahrenbach, W. H. (1963). /. Cell Biol. 18, 475.
Fernandez-Moran, H. (1956). J. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 2 (Suppl.), p. 29.
Fullam, E. F., and Gessler, A. E. (1946). Rev. Sci. Instr. 17, 23.
Gettner, M. E., and Hillier, J. (1950). /. Appl. Phys. 21, 68.
Gettner, M. E., and Ornstein, L. (1956). In "Physical Techniques in Biological Research
(G. Oster and A. W. Pollister, eds.), Vol. Ill, Chapter 13. Academic Press, New York.
Huxley, H. E. (1957). J. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 3, 631.
Latta, H., and Hartmann, J. F. (1950). Proc. Soc. Exptl.
Biol. Med. 74, 436.
Marinozzi, V. (1961). /. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol. 9, 121.
Morgan, C, Moore, D. H., and Rose, H. M. (1956). J. Biophys.
Biochem.
Cytol.
2
(Suppl.), p. 21.
Newman, S. B., Borysko, E., and Swerdlow, M. (1949). /. Research
Natl.
Bur.
Standards
43, 183.