152—153
concentration from 1000 to 2000,
15
effects
on crop growth and yield, 115,
118, 124, 137
emission profiles, 7, 9, 129, 132
emissions, scenarios of, 15
emitted by aircraft, 8
fertilization effects, 123, 137, 153
physiological effects, 112, 16
stabilization scenarios, 129, 132
Carbon monoxide (CO), 24, 26
Carbonate, 61
Carbon trading, 157
Carcinogens, 26, 29
Caribbean, 98
Cause—effect
processes, 60
relationships, 81
Central America, 135
Centres of Action (CoAs), 63
Cereals
crop yields, 134, 123, 125—127,
152
prices, 119, 120, 122, 125
production, 119—121, 125—126, 130,
135
CFCs, 3, 4, 147
Chemical contamination, 144
Chemicalization of soil and
waterways, 144
Chesapeake Bay ecosystem, 62
Childhood mortality, 143
China, 29, 30, 32—33, 36—37, 49—51,
55, 121, 123, 143—144,
155—156
Chinese dose—response relationships,
33
Chlordane, 146
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 3, 141,
147
Cholera, 152
Circulation, 60
Clean Air Act (UK),
1956 and 1968, 21, 27, 46, 48
1990, 48
Clean Air Act (USA), 1970, 48
Clean production, 51
Climate, 63
change, 2—5, 10—11, 84, 90, 100, 109,
111, 115—118, 120—125,
150—153, 155—156
science of, 5
during the 21st century, 7
forcing, 16
impacts, 6
on marine ecosystems, 63
vulnerability to, 17
in coastal areas, 84, 100
-induced food insecurity, 109
mitigation of, 6
models, 7, 15, 19, 110, 123
record, 8
variability, 15, 57
scenarios, 58, 110—111, 115—118,
120—122, 124—125
Coal, 21
-based thermal power, 40
consumption, 37
-fired
power generation, 54, 55
CoAs (Centres of Action), 64
Coastal
biodiversity, 97
climate, 89
erosion, 95
evolution, 96
impact, 91
lowlands, 94
management, 103
marine ecosystems, 36
populations, 98
storms, 89
upwelling, 70
vulnerability, 90—92, 94
wetlands, 94—95, 100
zone, 83, 102
management, 102
Cod
catches, 70
Gadhus morhua, 69
stocks, Atlantic, 69
Colombia, 54
Subject Index
187
concentration from 1000 to 2000,
15
effects
on crop growth and yield, 115,
118, 124, 137
emission profiles, 7, 9, 129, 132
emissions, scenarios of, 15
emitted by aircraft, 8
fertilization effects, 123, 137, 153
physiological effects, 112, 16
stabilization scenarios, 129, 132
Carbon monoxide (CO), 24, 26
Carbonate, 61
Carbon trading, 157
Carcinogens, 26, 29
Caribbean, 98
Cause—effect
processes, 60
relationships, 81
Central America, 135
Centres of Action (CoAs), 63
Cereals
crop yields, 134, 123, 125—127,
152
prices, 119, 120, 122, 125
production, 119—121, 125—126, 130,
135
CFCs, 3, 4, 147
Chemical contamination, 144
Chemicalization of soil and
waterways, 144
Chesapeake Bay ecosystem, 62
Childhood mortality, 143
China, 29, 30, 32—33, 36—37, 49—51,
55, 121, 123, 143—144,
155—156
Chinese dose—response relationships,
33
Chlordane, 146
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 3, 141,
147
Cholera, 152
Circulation, 60
Clean Air Act (UK),
1956 and 1968, 21, 27, 46, 48
1990, 48
Clean Air Act (USA), 1970, 48
Clean production, 51
Climate, 63
change, 2—5, 10—11, 84, 90, 100, 109,
111, 115—118, 120—125,
150—153, 155—156
science of, 5
during the 21st century, 7
forcing, 16
impacts, 6
on marine ecosystems, 63
vulnerability to, 17
in coastal areas, 84, 100
-induced food insecurity, 109
mitigation of, 6
models, 7, 15, 19, 110, 123
record, 8
variability, 15, 57
scenarios, 58, 110—111, 115—118,
120—122, 124—125
Coal, 21
-based thermal power, 40
consumption, 37
-fired
power generation, 54, 55
CoAs (Centres of Action), 64
Coastal
biodiversity, 97
climate, 89
erosion, 95
evolution, 96
impact, 91
lowlands, 94
management, 103
marine ecosystems, 36
populations, 98
storms, 89
upwelling, 70
vulnerability, 90—92, 94
wetlands, 94—95, 100
zone, 83, 102
management, 102
Cod
catches, 70
Gadhus morhua, 69
stocks, Atlantic, 69
Colombia, 54
Subject Index
187