Table 2 The main effects
of relative sea-level rise,
including relevant
interacting factors. Some
factors (e.g. sediment
supply) appear twice as
they may be influenced
both by climate and
non-climate factors. A
recent discussion of
methods for assessment
can be found in Klein and
Nicholls
Other relevant factors
Biogeophysical effect
Climate
Non-climate
Inundation,
flood and
storm
damage
—
Surge
Wave and storm climate,
morphological change,
sediment supply
Sediment supply, flood
management,
morphological change,
land claim
Backwater
effect (river)
Run-off
Catchment management
and land use
Wetland loss (and
change)
CO
fertilization
Sediment supply
Sediment supply,
migration space, direct
destruction
Erosion
—
Sediment supply, wave
and storm climate
Sediment supply
Saltwater
intrusion
Surface waters
Run-off
Catchment management
and land use
Ground-water
Rainfall
Land use, aquifer use
Rising water tables/impeded
drainage
Rainfall
Land use, aquifer use
F. M. J. Hoozemans, M. Marchand, M. and H. A. Pennekamp, A Global Vulnerability Analysis:
Vulnerability Assessment for Population, Coastal Wetlands and Rice Production on a Global Scale,
2nd Edition, Delft Hydraulics, the Netherlands, 1993.
F. M. J. Hoozemans and C. H. Hulsbergen, Sea-level rise: a world-wide assessment of risk and
protection costs, in D. Eisma (ed.), Climate Change: Impact on Coastal Habitation, Lewis
Publishers, London, 1995, pp. 137—163.
R. J. Nicholls, F. M. J. Hoozemans and M. Marchand, Increasing flood risk and wetland losses due
to global sea-level rise: regional and global analyses, Global Environ. Change, 1999, 9, S69—S87.
D. J. Reed, The response of coastal marshes to sea-level rise: survival or submergence?, Earth Surf.
Proc. Landforms, 1995, 20, 39—48.
M. J. F. Stive, J. A. Roelvink and H. J. De Vriend, Large-scale coastal evolution concept,
Proceedings 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, New York, 1990, pp.
1962—1974.
R. J. Nicholls, Assessing erosion of sandy beaches due to sea-level rise, in J. G. Maund and M.
Eddleston (eds.), Geohazards in Engineering Geology, Geological Society, London, Engineering
Special Publication No. 15, 1998, pp. 71—76.
P. J. Cowell, M. J. F. Stive, A. W. Niedoroda, H. J. de Vriend, D. J. P. Swift, G. M. Kaminsky and
M. Capobianco, The Coastal-Tract (Part 1): a conceptual approach to aggregated modelling of
low-order coastal change, J. Coastal Res., in press.
G. H. P. Oude Essink, Impact of Sea level Rise on Groundwater Flow Regimes. A Sensitivity
Analysis for the Netherlands. PhD Thesis, Delft Technical University of Technology, The
Netherlands, 1996, 411 pp.
G. H. P. Oude Essink, Improving fresh groundwater supply — problems and solutions, Ocean
Coastal Manage., 2001, 44, 421—441.
M. C. Barth and J. G. Titus (eds.), Greenhouse Effect and Sea Level Rise: A Challenge for this
Generation. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984, 325 pp.
National Research Council, Responding to Changes in Sea Level: Engineering Implications,
National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1987.
A. V. Tsyban, J. T. Everett and J. G. Titus, World ocean and coastal zones, in Climate Change: The
IPCC Impacts Assessment. Contribution of Working Group II to the First Assessment of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Australian Government Publishing Service,
Canberra, Australia, 1990, pp. 86—93.
Rising Sea Levels: Potential Impacts and Responses
93
of relative sea-level rise,
including relevant
interacting factors. Some
factors (e.g. sediment
supply) appear twice as
they may be influenced
both by climate and
non-climate factors. A
recent discussion of
methods for assessment
can be found in Klein and
Nicholls
Other relevant factors
Biogeophysical effect
Climate
Non-climate
Inundation,
flood and
storm
damage
—
Surge
Wave and storm climate,
morphological change,
sediment supply
Sediment supply, flood
management,
morphological change,
land claim
Backwater
effect (river)
Run-off
Catchment management
and land use
Wetland loss (and
change)
CO
fertilization
Sediment supply
Sediment supply,
migration space, direct
destruction
Erosion
—
Sediment supply, wave
and storm climate
Sediment supply
Saltwater
intrusion
Surface waters
Run-off
Catchment management
and land use
Ground-water
Rainfall
Land use, aquifer use
Rising water tables/impeded
drainage
Rainfall
Land use, aquifer use
F. M. J. Hoozemans, M. Marchand, M. and H. A. Pennekamp, A Global Vulnerability Analysis:
Vulnerability Assessment for Population, Coastal Wetlands and Rice Production on a Global Scale,
2nd Edition, Delft Hydraulics, the Netherlands, 1993.
F. M. J. Hoozemans and C. H. Hulsbergen, Sea-level rise: a world-wide assessment of risk and
protection costs, in D. Eisma (ed.), Climate Change: Impact on Coastal Habitation, Lewis
Publishers, London, 1995, pp. 137—163.
R. J. Nicholls, F. M. J. Hoozemans and M. Marchand, Increasing flood risk and wetland losses due
to global sea-level rise: regional and global analyses, Global Environ. Change, 1999, 9, S69—S87.
D. J. Reed, The response of coastal marshes to sea-level rise: survival or submergence?, Earth Surf.
Proc. Landforms, 1995, 20, 39—48.
M. J. F. Stive, J. A. Roelvink and H. J. De Vriend, Large-scale coastal evolution concept,
Proceedings 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, New York, 1990, pp.
1962—1974.
R. J. Nicholls, Assessing erosion of sandy beaches due to sea-level rise, in J. G. Maund and M.
Eddleston (eds.), Geohazards in Engineering Geology, Geological Society, London, Engineering
Special Publication No. 15, 1998, pp. 71—76.
P. J. Cowell, M. J. F. Stive, A. W. Niedoroda, H. J. de Vriend, D. J. P. Swift, G. M. Kaminsky and
M. Capobianco, The Coastal-Tract (Part 1): a conceptual approach to aggregated modelling of
low-order coastal change, J. Coastal Res., in press.
G. H. P. Oude Essink, Impact of Sea level Rise on Groundwater Flow Regimes. A Sensitivity
Analysis for the Netherlands. PhD Thesis, Delft Technical University of Technology, The
Netherlands, 1996, 411 pp.
G. H. P. Oude Essink, Improving fresh groundwater supply — problems and solutions, Ocean
Coastal Manage., 2001, 44, 421—441.
M. C. Barth and J. G. Titus (eds.), Greenhouse Effect and Sea Level Rise: A Challenge for this
Generation. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984, 325 pp.
National Research Council, Responding to Changes in Sea Level: Engineering Implications,
National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1987.
A. V. Tsyban, J. T. Everett and J. G. Titus, World ocean and coastal zones, in Climate Change: The
IPCC Impacts Assessment. Contribution of Working Group II to the First Assessment of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Australian Government Publishing Service,
Canberra, Australia, 1990, pp. 86—93.
Rising Sea Levels: Potential Impacts and Responses
93