G I V E I T S O M E T H O U G H T
Briefly describe the concept of elastic rebound. Develop an analogy
other than a rubber band to illustrate this concept.
The accompanying map shows the locations of the 15 largest earthquakes in the world since 1900. Refer to the map of Earth’s plates
(Figure 15.9, p. 370) and determine which type of plate boundary is
most often associated with these events.
2
1
Use the accompanying seismogram to answer the following questions:
a. Which of the three types of seismic waves reached the seismograph first?
b. What is the time interval between the arrival of the first P wave
and the arrival of the first S wave?
c. Using your answer from question b., and Figure 14.11, determine
the distance from the seismic station to the epicenter.
d. Which of the three types of seismic waves had the highest amplitude when they reached the seismic station?
3
you notice that your footprint quickly fills with water, but not water
coming in from the ocean. What is this water’s source? For what
earthquake-related hazard is this phenomenon a good analogy?
Explain, in your own words, why a tsunami often causes a rapid
withdrawal of water from beaches before the first surge.
Why is it possible to issue a tsunami warning, but not provide a
warning for an earthquake?
Using the accompanying map of the San Andreas Fault, answer the
following questions:
a. Which of the
four segments
of the San
Andreas Fault
do you think
has the best
chance of experiencing a major
earthquake in
the foreseeable future?
b. Which segment do you
think is experiencing
fault creep?
c. If major earthquakes occur
along active segments of the
San Andreas Fault about every 200
years, when should the section that ruptured during the Fort
Tejon quake be expected to generate another major event?
d. Do you think San Francisco or Los Angeles has the greatest risk
for experiencing major earthquake damage in the near future?
Defend your selection.
Describe the two different ways that Earth’s layers are defined.
S waves temporarily change the shape of the material that transmits
them. Can you identify a place in Earth’s interior that would not
transmit S waves? Why?
9
8
7
6
5
You go for a jog on a beach and choose to run near the water where
the sand is well packed and solid under your feet. With each step,
4
359
Companion Website
Companion Website
www.mygeoscienceplace.com
The Essentials of Geology, 11e companion Website contains numerous multimedia resources accompanied by assessments
to aid in your study of the topics in this chapter. The use of this site's learning tools will help improve your understanding
of geology. Utilizing the access code that accompanies this text, visit www.mygeoscienceplace.com in order to:
• Review key chapter concepts.
• Read with links to the Pearson eText and to chapter-specific web resources.
• Visualize and comprehend challenging topics using the learning activities in GEODe: Essentials of Geology and the
Geoscience Animations Library.
• Test yourself with online quizzes.
Based on the properties of Earth’s layers, and the mode of travel
of body waves, predict where in Earth’s interior waves should
(a) travel fastest, and (b) travel slowest. Is there an exception for
these generalities? Explain your answers.
10
Briefly describe the concept of elastic rebound. Develop an analogy
other than a rubber band to illustrate this concept.
The accompanying map shows the locations of the 15 largest earthquakes in the world since 1900. Refer to the map of Earth’s plates
(Figure 15.9, p. 370) and determine which type of plate boundary is
most often associated with these events.
2
1
Use the accompanying seismogram to answer the following questions:
a. Which of the three types of seismic waves reached the seismograph first?
b. What is the time interval between the arrival of the first P wave
and the arrival of the first S wave?
c. Using your answer from question b., and Figure 14.11, determine
the distance from the seismic station to the epicenter.
d. Which of the three types of seismic waves had the highest amplitude when they reached the seismic station?
3
you notice that your footprint quickly fills with water, but not water
coming in from the ocean. What is this water’s source? For what
earthquake-related hazard is this phenomenon a good analogy?
Explain, in your own words, why a tsunami often causes a rapid
withdrawal of water from beaches before the first surge.
Why is it possible to issue a tsunami warning, but not provide a
warning for an earthquake?
Using the accompanying map of the San Andreas Fault, answer the
following questions:
a. Which of the
four segments
of the San
Andreas Fault
do you think
has the best
chance of experiencing a major
earthquake in
the foreseeable future?
b. Which segment do you
think is experiencing
fault creep?
c. If major earthquakes occur
along active segments of the
San Andreas Fault about every 200
years, when should the section that ruptured during the Fort
Tejon quake be expected to generate another major event?
d. Do you think San Francisco or Los Angeles has the greatest risk
for experiencing major earthquake damage in the near future?
Defend your selection.
Describe the two different ways that Earth’s layers are defined.
S waves temporarily change the shape of the material that transmits
them. Can you identify a place in Earth’s interior that would not
transmit S waves? Why?
9
8
7
6
5
You go for a jog on a beach and choose to run near the water where
the sand is well packed and solid under your feet. With each step,
4
359
Companion Website
Companion Website
www.mygeoscienceplace.com
The Essentials of Geology, 11e companion Website contains numerous multimedia resources accompanied by assessments
to aid in your study of the topics in this chapter. The use of this site's learning tools will help improve your understanding
of geology. Utilizing the access code that accompanies this text, visit www.mygeoscienceplace.com in order to:
• Review key chapter concepts.
• Read with links to the Pearson eText and to chapter-specific web resources.
• Visualize and comprehend challenging topics using the learning activities in GEODe: Essentials of Geology and the
Geoscience Animations Library.
• Test yourself with online quizzes.
Based on the properties of Earth’s layers, and the mode of travel
of body waves, predict where in Earth’s interior waves should
(a) travel fastest, and (b) travel slowest. Is there an exception for
these generalities? Explain your answers.
10