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Philander, S.G.H., and Y. Chao (1991) On the contrast between the seasonal cycles of the equatorial
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 1399–1406.
Philander, S.G.H., and R.C. Pacanowski (1981) The oceanic response to cross equatorial winds
with application to coastal upwelling in low latitudes. Tellus. 33, 201–210.
Philander, S.G.H., and E.M. Rasmusson (1985) The southern oscillation and El Niño. Adv. Geophys. 28A, 197–215.
Philander, S.G.H., et al. (1996) Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator. J. Climate. 9,
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J. Geophys. Res. 83, 4615–4622.
Pingree, R.D., and D.K. Griffiths (1980) A numerical model of the M2 tide in the Gulf of
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Pingree, R.D., and G T. Mardell (1981) Slope turbulence, internal waves and phytoplankton growth
at the Celtic Sea shelf edge. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, A. 302, 663–682.
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Pingree, R.D., et al. (1975) Summer phytoplankton blooms and red tides along tidal fronts in the
approaches to the English Channel. Nature (Lond.). 258, 672–677.
Pingree, R.D., et al. (1982) Celtic Sea and Armorican current structure and the vertical distributions
of temperature and chlorophyll. Cont. Shelf Res. 1, 99–116.
Pingree, R.D., et al. (1986) Propagation of internal tides from the upper slopes of the Bay of Biscay.
Nature (Lond.). 321, 154–158.
Pingree, R.D., et al. (1999) Position, structure of the Subtropical/Azores front region from
Lagrangian and remote sensing. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 79, 769–792.
Piontkowski, S.A., et al. (1997) Spatial heterogeneity of the planktonic fields in the upper mixed
layer of the open ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 148, 145–154.
Piontkowski, S.A., et al. (2003) Plankton communities of the South Atlantic anticyclonic gyre. Prog.
Oceanogr. 26, 255–268.
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Nat. 25, 113–157.
Planque, B., and A.H. Taylor (1998) Long-term changes in zooplankton and the climate of the
North Atlantic. J. Mar. Sci. 55, 644–654.
Planque, B., and P.C. Reid (1998) Predicting Calanus finmarchicus abundance from a climatic
signal. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 78, 1015–1018.
Planque, B., et al. (1997) Large scale spatial variations in the seasonal abundance of Calanus
finmarchicus. Deep-Sea Res. I. 44, 315–326.
Platt, T., and D.V. Subbha Rao (1975) Primary production of marine microphytes.
In—Photosynthesis and Productivity of in Different Environments (J.P. Cooper, Ed.), Vol. 3,
pp. 249–280. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Platt, T., and S. Sathyendranath (1988) Oceanic primary production: estimation by remote sensing
at local and regional scales. Science. 241, 1613–1620.
Platt, T., and S. Sathyendranath (1999) Spatial structure of pelagic ecosystem processes in the global
ocean. Ecosystems. 2, 384–394.
Platt, T., et al. (1991a) Critical depth and marine production. Proc. R. Soc. B, 246, 205–217.
509
Philander, S.G.H. (1990) El Niño, La Niña and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, San Diego.
Philander, S.G.H., and Y. Chao (1991) On the contrast between the seasonal cycles of the equatorial
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 1399–1406.
Philander, S.G.H., and R.C. Pacanowski (1981) The oceanic response to cross equatorial winds
with application to coastal upwelling in low latitudes. Tellus. 33, 201–210.
Philander, S.G.H., and E.M. Rasmusson (1985) The southern oscillation and El Niño. Adv. Geophys. 28A, 197–215.
Philander, S.G.H., et al. (1996) Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator. J. Climate. 9,
2958–2972.
Pianka, E.R. (1966) Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: a review of concepts. Am. Naturalist.
100, 33–46.
Piccioni, A., et al. (1988) Wind-induced upwellings off the southern coast of Sicily. Océanol. Acta. 9,
309–314.
Piccolo, M.C. (1998) Oceanography of the western South Atlantic continental shelf from 33–55
S.
In—The Sea, Vol. 12, The Global Coastal Ocean (A.R. Robinson and K.H. Brink, Eds.),
pp. 253–271. Wiley InterScience, New York.
PICES (undated) Marine Ecosystems of the North Pacific (278 pp.). Pac. Int. Counc. Explor. Sea.
Pingree, R.D. (1975) The advance and retreat of the thermocline on the continental shelf. J. Mar.
Biol. Assoc. U.K. 55, 965–974.
Pingree, R.D. (1997) The eastern subtropical gyre: flow rings, recirculations and subduction.
J. Mar. biol. Assoc. U.K. 77, 573–624.
Pingree, R.D., and D.K Griffiths (1978) Tidal fronts on the shelf seas around the British Isles.
J. Geophys. Res. 83, 4615–4622.
Pingree, R.D., and D.K. Griffiths (1980) A numerical model of the M2 tide in the Gulf of
St. Lawrence. Océanol. Acta. 3, 221–225.
Pingree, R.D., and G T. Mardell (1981) Slope turbulence, internal waves and phytoplankton growth
at the Celtic Sea shelf edge. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, A. 302, 663–682.
Pingree. R.D., and B. Sinha (2000) Westwards moving waves or eddies (storms) on the subtropical/Azores front. J. Mar. Syst. 29, 239–276.
Pingree, R.D., et al. (1975) Summer phytoplankton blooms and red tides along tidal fronts in the
approaches to the English Channel. Nature (Lond.). 258, 672–677.
Pingree, R.D., et al. (1982) Celtic Sea and Armorican current structure and the vertical distributions
of temperature and chlorophyll. Cont. Shelf Res. 1, 99–116.
Pingree, R.D., et al. (1986) Propagation of internal tides from the upper slopes of the Bay of Biscay.
Nature (Lond.). 321, 154–158.
Pingree, R.D., et al. (1999) Position, structure of the Subtropical/Azores front region from
Lagrangian and remote sensing. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 79, 769–792.
Piontkowski, S.A., et al. (1997) Spatial heterogeneity of the planktonic fields in the upper mixed
layer of the open ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 148, 145–154.
Piontkowski, S.A., et al. (2003) Plankton communities of the South Atlantic anticyclonic gyre. Prog.
Oceanogr. 26, 255–268.
Pitelka, F.A. (1941) Distribution of birds in relation to major biotic communities. Am. Midl.
Nat. 25, 113–157.
Planque, B., and A.H. Taylor (1998) Long-term changes in zooplankton and the climate of the
North Atlantic. J. Mar. Sci. 55, 644–654.
Planque, B., and P.C. Reid (1998) Predicting Calanus finmarchicus abundance from a climatic
signal. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 78, 1015–1018.
Planque, B., et al. (1997) Large scale spatial variations in the seasonal abundance of Calanus
finmarchicus. Deep-Sea Res. I. 44, 315–326.
Platt, T., and D.V. Subbha Rao (1975) Primary production of marine microphytes.
In—Photosynthesis and Productivity of in Different Environments (J.P. Cooper, Ed.), Vol. 3,
pp. 249–280. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Platt, T., and S. Sathyendranath (1988) Oceanic primary production: estimation by remote sensing
at local and regional scales. Science. 241, 1613–1620.
Platt, T., and S. Sathyendranath (1999) Spatial structure of pelagic ecosystem processes in the global
ocean. Ecosystems. 2, 384–394.
Platt, T., et al. (1991a) Critical depth and marine production. Proc. R. Soc. B, 246, 205–217.