References
495
Holdridge, L.R. (1947) Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data.
Science. 105, 267–268.
Holdridge L.R., et al. (1971) Forest Elements in Tropical Life Zones. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Holligan, P.M. (1981) Biological implications of fronts on the northwest European shelf. Phil.
Trans. R. Soc. London (A) 302, 547–562.
Holligan, P.M., and D.S. Harbour (1977) The vertical distribution and succession of phytoplankton
in the western English Channel. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 57, 1075–1093.
Holligan, P.M., et al. (1983) Satellite studies on the distributions of chlorophyll and dinoflagellate
blooms in the western English Channel. Cont. Shelf Res. 2, 81–96.
Hooker, S.B., et al. (2000) An objective method for identifying oceanic provinces. Prog. Oceanogr. 45,
313–338.
Hopkins, T.L. (1982) The vertical distribution of zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Res.
29, 1069–1083.
Hopkins, T.L., and F. Torres (1989) Midwater foodweb in the vicinity of a marginal ice zone in
the western Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Res. 36, 543–560.
Horne, E.P.W., and B. Petrie (1986) Mean position and variability of the sea surface temperature
front east of the Grand Banks. Atmos. Ocean. 26, 321–328.
Horne, E.P.W., et al. (1989) Nitrate supply and demand at the Georges Bank tidal front. Sci.
Mar. 53, 145–158.
Houghton, R.W. (1983) Seasonal variations of the subsurface thermal structure in the Gulf of
Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 13, 2070–2080.
Houghton, R.W. (1989) Influence of local and remote wind forcing in the Gulf of Guinea. J.
Geophys. Res. 94, 4816–4828.
Houghton, R.W. (1991) The relationship of sea surface temperature to thermocline depth at annual
and interannual time scale in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 15173–15185.
Houghton, R.W., and C. Colin (1986) Thermal structure along 4˚W in the Gulf of Guinea during
1983–1984. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 11727–11739.
Houghton, R.W., and M.A. Mensah (1978) Physical aspects and biological consequences of Ghanaian coastal upwelling. In—Upwelling Ecosystems (R. Boje and M. Tomczak, Eds.), pp. 167–180.
Springer, Berlin.
Houry, S., et al. (1987) Brunt-Väisälä frequency and Rossby radii in the South Atlantic. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 17, 1619–1626.
Hsueh, Y., et al. (1992) The intrusion of the Kuroshio across the continental shelf northeast of
Taiwan. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 14323–14330.
Hu, C., et al. (2004) The dispersal of the Amazon and Orinoco River water in the tropical Atlantic
and Caribbean: observation from space and S-PALACE floats. Deep-Sea Res. II. 51, 1151–1172.
Huggett, J.A., and A.J. Richardson (2000) A review of the biology and ecology of Calanus agulhensis
off South Africa. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57, 1834–1849.
Hughes, P., and A.F.G. Fiuza (1982) Observations of a bottom mixed layer in the coastal upwelling
area off Northwest Africa. Rapp. Proc. Verb. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 180, 75–82.
Huisman, J., et al. (1999) Critical depth and critical turbulence: two different mechanisms for the
development of phytoplankton blooms. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 1781–1787.
Hulseman, J., and F.J. Weissings (1999) Biodiversity of plankton by species oscillations and chaos.
Nature (Lond.). 402, 407–410.
Humphrey, G.F., and J.D. Kerr (1969) Seasonal variation in the Indian Ocean along 110˚E. (III.
Chlorophylls-a and -c) Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 20, 55–64.
Hunt, B.P.V., and G.W. Hosie (2005) Zonal structure of zooplankton communities in the Southern
Ocean south of Australia. Deep-Sea Res. I. 52, 1241–1271.
Hunter, J.R., and G.D. Sharp (1983) Physics and fish populations: shelf sea fronts and fisheries.
Food Agric. Org. U.N. Fish. Rep. 291, 659–682.
Husar, R.B., et al. (1997) Characterisation of tropospheric aerosols over the ocean with the NOAA
advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product. J. Geophys.
Res. 102, D14, 16889–16910.
Huxley, J. (1942) Evolution, the Modern Synthesis. Allen and Unwin, London.
Huyer, A. (1976) A comparison of upwelling events in two locations: Oregon and Northwest Africa.
J. Mar. Res. 34, 532–545.
495
Holdridge, L.R. (1947) Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data.
Science. 105, 267–268.
Holdridge L.R., et al. (1971) Forest Elements in Tropical Life Zones. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Holligan, P.M. (1981) Biological implications of fronts on the northwest European shelf. Phil.
Trans. R. Soc. London (A) 302, 547–562.
Holligan, P.M., and D.S. Harbour (1977) The vertical distribution and succession of phytoplankton
in the western English Channel. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 57, 1075–1093.
Holligan, P.M., et al. (1983) Satellite studies on the distributions of chlorophyll and dinoflagellate
blooms in the western English Channel. Cont. Shelf Res. 2, 81–96.
Hooker, S.B., et al. (2000) An objective method for identifying oceanic provinces. Prog. Oceanogr. 45,
313–338.
Hopkins, T.L. (1982) The vertical distribution of zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Res.
29, 1069–1083.
Hopkins, T.L., and F. Torres (1989) Midwater foodweb in the vicinity of a marginal ice zone in
the western Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Res. 36, 543–560.
Horne, E.P.W., and B. Petrie (1986) Mean position and variability of the sea surface temperature
front east of the Grand Banks. Atmos. Ocean. 26, 321–328.
Horne, E.P.W., et al. (1989) Nitrate supply and demand at the Georges Bank tidal front. Sci.
Mar. 53, 145–158.
Houghton, R.W. (1983) Seasonal variations of the subsurface thermal structure in the Gulf of
Guinea. J. Geophys. Res. 13, 2070–2080.
Houghton, R.W. (1989) Influence of local and remote wind forcing in the Gulf of Guinea. J.
Geophys. Res. 94, 4816–4828.
Houghton, R.W. (1991) The relationship of sea surface temperature to thermocline depth at annual
and interannual time scale in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 15173–15185.
Houghton, R.W., and C. Colin (1986) Thermal structure along 4˚W in the Gulf of Guinea during
1983–1984. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 11727–11739.
Houghton, R.W., and M.A. Mensah (1978) Physical aspects and biological consequences of Ghanaian coastal upwelling. In—Upwelling Ecosystems (R. Boje and M. Tomczak, Eds.), pp. 167–180.
Springer, Berlin.
Houry, S., et al. (1987) Brunt-Väisälä frequency and Rossby radii in the South Atlantic. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 17, 1619–1626.
Hsueh, Y., et al. (1992) The intrusion of the Kuroshio across the continental shelf northeast of
Taiwan. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 14323–14330.
Hu, C., et al. (2004) The dispersal of the Amazon and Orinoco River water in the tropical Atlantic
and Caribbean: observation from space and S-PALACE floats. Deep-Sea Res. II. 51, 1151–1172.
Huggett, J.A., and A.J. Richardson (2000) A review of the biology and ecology of Calanus agulhensis
off South Africa. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57, 1834–1849.
Hughes, P., and A.F.G. Fiuza (1982) Observations of a bottom mixed layer in the coastal upwelling
area off Northwest Africa. Rapp. Proc. Verb. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 180, 75–82.
Huisman, J., et al. (1999) Critical depth and critical turbulence: two different mechanisms for the
development of phytoplankton blooms. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 1781–1787.
Hulseman, J., and F.J. Weissings (1999) Biodiversity of plankton by species oscillations and chaos.
Nature (Lond.). 402, 407–410.
Humphrey, G.F., and J.D. Kerr (1969) Seasonal variation in the Indian Ocean along 110˚E. (III.
Chlorophylls-a and -c) Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 20, 55–64.
Hunt, B.P.V., and G.W. Hosie (2005) Zonal structure of zooplankton communities in the Southern
Ocean south of Australia. Deep-Sea Res. I. 52, 1241–1271.
Hunter, J.R., and G.D. Sharp (1983) Physics and fish populations: shelf sea fronts and fisheries.
Food Agric. Org. U.N. Fish. Rep. 291, 659–682.
Husar, R.B., et al. (1997) Characterisation of tropospheric aerosols over the ocean with the NOAA
advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product. J. Geophys.
Res. 102, D14, 16889–16910.
Huxley, J. (1942) Evolution, the Modern Synthesis. Allen and Unwin, London.
Huyer, A. (1976) A comparison of upwelling events in two locations: Oregon and Northwest Africa.
J. Mar. Res. 34, 532–545.