14
Spurr SH, Barnes BV (1973) Forest ecology. The Ronald Press Company, New York
Tilman D (1985) The resource-ratio hypothesis of plant succession. Am Nat 125:827–852
Van Auken OW (2000) Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands. Annu Rev Ecol
Syst 31:197–215
Van Auken OW (2009) Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western
North American Grasslands. J Environ Manag 90:2931–2942
3 Encroachment and Secondary Succession
Spurr SH, Barnes BV (1973) Forest ecology. The Ronald Press Company, New York
Tilman D (1985) The resource-ratio hypothesis of plant succession. Am Nat 125:827–852
Van Auken OW (2000) Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands. Annu Rev Ecol
Syst 31:197–215
Van Auken OW (2009) Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western
North American Grasslands. J Environ Manag 90:2931–2942
3 Encroachment and Secondary Succession