‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
.
،‫ﺑﺎﺍﻧﺴﺒﺔﻻﻟﺴﻴﻔﻨﺎﺯﻳﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺗﻴﻜﺎﺭﺳﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻷﻣﻮﻛﺴﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺍﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬
،‫)ﺃﻣﻮﻛﺴﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ .‫ﺍﻻﻳﻤﻴﺒﻴﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﻴﻢ‬
52.2
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
43.1
،‫ﺗﻴﻜﺎﺭﺳﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ،٪
47.7
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
19.6
،‫ﺳﻴﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﻴﻢ‬ ،٪
2.8
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
8.3
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫)ﺃﻣﻮﻛﺴﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ (٪
9.4
٪
1.15
،‫ﺗﻴﻜﺎﺭﺳﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ،٪
7.6
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
0.8
،٪
،‫ﺳﻴﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﻴﻢ‬
0.1
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
0.6
.(٪
) ‫ﻟﻸﻣﻮﻛﺴﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
20.7
،٪
8.3
،٪
16.2
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
43.2
،(٪
) ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﻜﺎﺭﺳﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬
10.3
،٪
10.4
،٪
13.5
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
40.9
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻤﻴﺒﻴﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ .(٪
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
8.3
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
0.4
.‫ﺭﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ٪
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
59
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﻛﺴﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﻴﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻤﻴﺒﻴﻨﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻨﺎﺯﻳﺪﻳﻢ‬
:
) ‫ﺍﻳﺮﻭﺟﻴﻨﻮﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻮﺩﻭﻣﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬
23
) ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻮﺭﻳﺴﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻮﺩﻭﻣﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ،(
10
‫ﻣﻠﺘﻮﻓﻴﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻴﻨﻮﺗﺮﻭﻓﻮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ،(
)
06
) ‫ﺳﻴﺒﺎﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﻟﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎ‬ ،(
03
) ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺭﺩﻳﺘﻼ‬ ،(
03
،‫ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻭﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺮﻭﺑﻜﺘﺮﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﻟﻮﺗﻴﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻳﺪﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﻭﻣﻮﻧﺎﺱ‬ ،(
) ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻧﺘﻮﺍ‬ ،‫ﺑﻮﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻴﻨﻴﺘﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﻴﺮ‬
02
‫ﺳﺒﺐ.ﺱ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻘﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻧﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﺮﻭﺑﻜﺘﺮ‬ ،‫ﻛﻠﻮﺍﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻴﺮﻭﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮ‬ ،‫ﻛﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﻴﺮﻳﺸﻴﺎ‬ ،(
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻜﺎﺭﺳﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ،‫)ﺃﻣﻮﻛﺴﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﻴﻦ‬ :‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﻛﺘﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬
86.4
،٪
84.7
) ‫ﺳﻴﻔﻮﻛﺴﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ،(٪
93.2
،‫)ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮﺭﻳﻨﺎﺕ‬ (٪
84.7
، ‫ﺳﻴﻔﺘﺮﻳﺎﻛﺴﻮﻥ‬ ‫٪؛‬
84.7
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﺴﻮﻟﻮﺩﻳﻦ‬ ، ٪
81.3
(٪
.
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻴﺒﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺜﺮﻳﻴﻮﻧﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﻻﻟﺴﻴﻔﻨﺎﺯﻳﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬
)
54.2
،٪
66
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
39
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٪
‫ﻻﻳﻤﻴﺒﻴﻨﺎﻡ‬
) ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
25.4
(٪
.
) ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻟﻴﺪﻳﻜﺴﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻻﻛﺘﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
84.7
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻔﺎﻣﻴﺜﻮﻛﺴﺎﺯﻭﻝ‬ (٪
)
79.6
) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﺭﺍﻣﻔﻴﻨﻴﻜﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ،(٪
54.2
) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻜﻠﻴﻦ‬ ،(٪
44
) ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻮﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﺍﺕ‬ + ‫ﺳﻠﻔﺎﻣﻴﺜﻮﻛﺴﺎﺯﻭﻝ‬ ،(٪
28.8
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻮﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﺍﺕ‬ ،(٪
)
22
) ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻴﻨﻮﻏﻠﻴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ .(٪
K
،
GM
) ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﺎﻣﺒﻴﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺒﺮﻭﻓﻠﻮﻛﺴﺎﺳﻴﻦ‬ ،(
4
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
10
‫ﻭ‬ ٪
15.2
٪
.(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﺎﻟﻮﺳﺒﻮﺭﻳﻨﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻣﻴﺔ‬
AmpC
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ّﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﺿ‬
32.2
%
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺘﺎﻻﻛﺘﺎﻣﺎﺯ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﻭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
) ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‬
BLSE
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ‬ (
‫ﻛﻮﻻﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺰﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﺗﺎﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺰﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻇﻬﺮ‬ .
CTX-M
‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺳﻤﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬
54
‫ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺘﺎﻻﻛﺘﺎﻣﺎﺯ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺘﺎﻻﻛﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬
-
- ‫ﺷﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬
.