Wildlife researchers and ecologists make widespread use of multivariate statistics in their studies. With its focus on the practical application of the techniques of multivariate statistics, this book shapes the powerful tools of statistics for the specific needs of ecologists and makes statistics more applicable to their course of study. Multivariate statistics for wildlife and ecology research gives the reader a solid conceptual understanding of the role of multivariate statistics in ecological applications and the relationships among various techniques, while avoiding detailed mathematics and underlying theory. More important, the reader will gain insight into the type of research questions best handled by each technique and the important considerations in applying each one. Whether used as a textbook for specialized courses or as a supplement to general statistics texts, the book emphasizes those techniques that students of ecology and natural resources most need to understand and employ in their research. Detailed examples use real wildlife data sets analyzed using the SAS statistical software program.

Auteur

Kevin McGarigal, Sam Cushman, Susan Stafford

Sujet

Ecologie
Multivariate analysis,
Statistiques

This book gives an overview of statistical turbulence modeling with applications to oceanography and limnology. It discusses how these models can be derived from the Navier-Stokes equations, step by step simplifications result in models applicable to numerical simulations for realistic solutions. Results from one dimensional simulation are shown for various oceanic and limnic water column studies. The integration of these turbulence models in three dimensional models is discussed and some selected results are shown. The two equation turbulence models prove to be a good compromise between accuracy and economy are published as a Fortran source code on the internet in the framework of the general ocean turbulence model (GOTM). This website also provides forcing and validation data for several idealized scenarios. The book and the home page enable graduate students and researchers to understand the theory and provide tools for the models.

Auteur

Hans Burchard

Sujet

Descriptive oceanography-- comprensive
Statistiques

This book provides a background in multivariate statistical techniques in geo-hydrology and environmental statistics. It is organized in broad categories which cover procedures that deal with interrelations among objects and samples and the interrelations of variables. The headings are further subdivided into techniques that require multivariate normal data and techniques that do not. It can be used as a textbook, a reference book for a graduate seminar, or a key reference in libraries at earth science agencies and other institutions.

Auteur

Charles E. Brown

Sujet

Statistique
Géodrologiques

Life in its diversity is the greatest resource on our planet and represents the very foundation of human existence. Only in the last two décades hâve we become aware of the dimension of biodiversity: some 1.75 millions différent organisms are known to science - but assessments strongly indicate that there are aboutfen times as manyspecies existing between thé polar circles and tropical rain forints». New and exciting species are being discovered every day - at the same time we can observe a dramatic loss of biodiversity within the global change: extinction rates are probably unequaledin the natural history of ourworld. The géographie distribution of biodiversity is very unequal with the highest dtions in the tropical forests and certain subtropical regions.The developing countries possess the true wealth of the global genetic resources - but the capacities for bip- diversity research are concentrated in thé highly industrialized countries.The Rio con-vention on Biological Diversity, megadiversity countries and megadeveloped countries are the scénario for biodiversity.

Sujet

Biodiversité -- Conservation
Diversité des espèces -- Bolivie
Biodiversité
Biological diversity conservation

With the accelerating loss of biodiversity there is increasing concern about how this loss may be affecting ecosystem processes that are of benefit to human well-being. The limited studies that address the principal question directly, species numbers versus system function, are evaluated. Moreover, the degree of redundancy within systems, the ubiquity of keystone species, the tightness of species interactions from mutualism to food webs, the resilience of systems to perturbation, and the interactions of landscape units are explored, as are how policy decisions are made in this research area, this volume brings together in a substantive and integrative manner the disciplines of population biology and ecosystem science, both directed toward evaluating the consequences of anthropogenic disruptions of natural systems.

Sujet

Biological diversity conservation
Biotic communities
Biocénoses
Biological diversity
Biodiversité
Écosystèmes

The scientific community has voiced two general concerns about the future of the earth. Climatologists and oceanographers have focused on the changes in our physical environment changes in the climate, the oceans, and the chemistry of the air we breathe. Environmental biologists, on the other hand, have addressed issues of conservation and the extinction of species. There is increasing evidence that these two broad concerns are intertwined and mutually dependent. Past changes in biodiversity have both responded to and caused changes in the earth's environment. This book discusses the major factors influencing biodiversity in the earth's terrestrial biomes and their projected patterns of change. In its discussions of ten key terrestrial biomes and freshwater ecosystems, this volume uses our broad understanding of global environmental change to present the first comprehensive scenarios of biodiversity for the twenty-first century. Combining physical earth science with conservation biology, global biodiversity in a changing environment provides a starting point for regional assessments on ail scales. The book will be of interest to those concerned with guiding research on the changing environment of the earth and with planning future policy, especially in accordance with the global biodiversity convention.

Sujet

Environnement
Biodiversité
Climate
Chemistry

This book despite the common understanding of the importance of desert development in the contemporary world, there are relatively few books published to date on this subject. The books and collective volumes published in this field deal primarily with environmental and physical aspects of desert development such as soil, agriculture, vegetation, water resources, etc. In contrast, this book addresses the issues of regional and urban development in desert areas, which have not been given sufficient attention. The present book is socially oriented. It considers physical development of desert regions not as an end in itself, but rather as an essential precondition for creating socially attractive and desirable environments for human settlement. The book addresses the issues of desert development at three distinctive conceptual levels region, urban environment, and building and deals with both cold and hot deserts

Sujet

Déserts
Environnement
Urbanisation
Développement durable
Migrations intérieures

Dynamic modeling of environmental systems is a primer on using models to under-stand environmental problems. With their many natural, economic, political, and technical aspects, environmental problems require a systems approach. This book provides an introduction to modeling concepts and applications that is geared specifically toward the environmental field. Sections on modeling terminology, the uses of models, the model-building process, and the interpretation of output provide the foundation for detailed applications. After an introduction to the basics of dynamic modeling, the book leads students through an analysis of several environmental problems, including surface-water pollution, matter-cycling disruptions, and global warming. The scientific and technical context is provided for each problem, and the methods for analyzing and designing appropriate modeling approaches are provided. An accompanying CD-ROM for both Macintosh® and Windows® computers contains a run-time version of STELLA® modeling software with models from the text. While the mathematical content does not exceed the level of a first semester calculus course, the book gives students ail of the background, examples, and practice exercises needed both to use and understand environmental modeling. It is suitable for upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate-level environmental science courses. The text is also useful for environmental professionals seeking an introduction to modeling in their field.

Auteur

Matthias Ruth, Bruce Hannon

Sujet

Environnement
Modeling
Systems
Dynamic

To achieve viable solutions to present day environmental problems, we must understand the spatial and temporal links between the different environmental compartments of biota, air, water, land and aquatic sediments. This book explains many of the seminal theories used to identify links and predict the movement of natural and anthropogenic chemical compounds. New insights into theories regarding accumulation of contaminants such as radio nuclides, DDT and PCBs are presented challenging the passive acceptance of previously proven dogma. The book is primarily directed to university education, environmental scientists and policymakers. A number of exercises are incorporated in the text while two demo models are given on diskette, one of radionuclide transport from dumped nuclear waste in the Kara Sea and one illustrating the role on biodiversity in coastal zone management.

Auteur

Duursma, E. K., Carroll, JoLynn

Sujet

Environmental chemistry
Chemical equilibrium
Chimie de l'environnement
Équilibre chimique

Environmental information systems (EIS) are concerned with the management of data about the soil, the water, the air, and the species in the world around us. This first textbook on the topic gives a conceptual framework for EIS by structuring the data flow into 4 phases: data capture, storage, analysis, and metadata management. This flow corresponds to a complex aggregation process gradually transforming the incoming raw data into concise documents suitable for high-level decision support. All relevant concepts are covered, including statistical classification, data fusion, uncertainty management, knowledge-based systems,geographic information systems (GIS),spatial databases, multidimensional access methods, object-oriented databases, simulation models, online databases and Internet-based information management. Several case studies present EIS in practice.

Auteur

Oliver, Gûnther

Sujet

Environnement
Systèmes des organes